2023年历年四级试题阅读理解部分集粹.doc
29页1990年1月: Passage 1 Oceanography has been defined as "The application of a11 sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, 1et alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in l853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson 1ed a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in l895. 21. The proposal to 1ay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ___________. A) an academic aspect B) a military aspect C) a business aspect D) an international aspect 22. It was ____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelers C) those who earned a living from the sea D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 23. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was_____. A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed D) to measure the depths of the two oceans 24. "Defied" in the 5th paragraph probably means "___" A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to 25. This passage is mainly about____ A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cable C) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communications Passage 3 Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it, spainful? This might be called 1aziness, but Dr. kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you’re"hot". That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it 1eads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. K1eitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawl and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. When ever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 31. If a person finds getting up ear1y a problem, most probably____ A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycle 。





