(完整word版)2009年12月PRETCO(A级) 阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法.pdf

2009 年 12 月 PRETCO(A 级) 阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法(一)(保留原题号，a 卷)Part IIIReading Comprehension( 40minutes )Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. Youshouldread the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinishedstatements , numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices markedA),B), C), and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more thantwenty-fivemillion dollors in money and investment to help the poor. The company says the effortinvolvesusing the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.Aleem Walji works for Google.org--the part of the company that gives money to good causes.Hesaid the company’s first project will help identify where infectious ( 传染性的) diseases aredeveloping. In southeast Asia and Africa, for example, Google.org will work with partners tostrengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.Google.org’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businessesgrow.Walji says microfinance （小额信贷）is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs.Instead, he says Google.org wants to develop ways to bring investors and owners together tocreate jobs and improve economic growth .Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier thisyear.One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly thancoal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use ofelectriccars.The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about one percent of companyprofitsand one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increaseinthe future.［文章大意］ 短文介绍谷歌公司利用信息和科技力量所实施的一揽子扶贫计划。

援助找到传染病的根源；援助中小企业发展壮大以创造更多的就业机会； 同时援助两个气候变化项目谷歌承诺每年都将投入 1%的利润和 1%的股值用于这些扶贫计划36. The purpose of Google’s investments is to_.A) help poor peopleB) develop new technologyC）expand its own businessD) increase the power of information［答案］A)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题事实细节类考题在历次三级考试中出现的频率最高，几乎占到整个阅读考题的 95%以上事实细节题是指针对原文提到的事物、 现象或理论等进行提问，它主要涉及主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数麐衏瞺w{|媁曂鶴硚󰀀0l 廱 c-据及主要的时间和地点等内容辨认文中事实与细节可从以下几个步骤入手： （1）先确定文章中心思想； （2）带着问题有目的去读，找出特定事实与细节迅速确认题干中关键词/词组，到文中的相应位置周围寻找同义词/词组、近义词/词组（有时关键词/词组会以其他词性形式出现） ，它们往往引出所需正确答案，即运用“回文查读定位法”； （3）注意区分作者观点和事实；（4） 注意句与句、 段落之间表达因果、 顺序等关系的连接词， 比如 as a result,first, second 等。

一般来说，题目排列的次序与文章的结构基本是一致的， 即题目需要的信息点在文章中是按顺序出现的解题时，可首先仔细阅读题干，找出关键词或词组，然后在原文中找到相关的句子，从选项中找出与原文描述相对应的、符合原文意思的一项依据题干信息和选项关键词 The purpose of Google’s investments is to，可知答案对应句在短文的第一句“Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more thantwenty-five million dollors in money and investment to help the poor.” ，由此可推知正确答案为A)37. According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to _.A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseasesB) find out where infectious diseases developC) identify the causes of infectious diseasesD) cure patients of infectious diseases［答案］B)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题。

依据题干信息、关键词 first project，可知答案对应句在短文第二段的第二句“He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious( 传染性的) diseases are developing.” ，由此可知正确答案为B)38. What kind of businesses will benefit from Google.org’s second project?A) large enterprisesB) cross-national companiesC) foreign-funded corporationsD) small and medium-sized businesses［答案］D)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题依据题干信息、关键词second project，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Google.org’s second project will invest in ways to help small andmedium-sized businesses grow.” ，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。

39. From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested toheip_.A) start more research programsB) make more advanced electric carsC) develop renewable and coal-based energyD) conduct studies related to climate changes［答案］D)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programsannouncedearlier this year.” ，由此可判断出正确答案为D)40. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by Google.org comefrom_.A) Google’s profits and stock valueB) some international IT companiesC) the company’s own interestsD) local commercial banks 频率最高，几乎占到整个阅读考题的 95%以上。

事实细节 3［答案］A)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文最后一段的第一句“The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about onepercent ofcompany profits and one percent of its total stock value every year.” ，由此可判断出正确答案为A)Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements arenumbered 41 to 45.Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with.Somehave excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, notallbosses are like that.The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise upthecareer ladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to helpyoudo the job you are paid to do . He can inform you of company direction that may affect yourprofessional development.Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives. Heneeds your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. Buthow does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss?The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities (优先的事).Observeand understand your boss’s work style. If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask !Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you donotview your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely tohelpyou .In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes andlearning to work with his personality and management style.［文章大意］ 短文谈及如何处理好与公司老板的关系及其重要性。

职员的职业升迁由老板决定; 老板需要职员尽全力实现其企业目标；职员需要了解老板的喜好、性格及其管理风格41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that_.A) bosses are hard to deal withB) bosses have good characterC) bosses determine your career futureD) bosses must have similar personality［答案］C)［解析］ 此题属于主旨大意题此类题主要考查考生对整篇文章或段落的理解和概括能力，主要涉及文章的中心思想、主题和标题等，答案往往在主题句中通常，主旨 /段意由主题句或段首句体现，非常容易发现，有时也位于文尾或段尾，这种方式叫显性主旨 /段意；另一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话去概括或总结，叫做隐性主旨 /段意在回答主旨题时，务必选择高度概括的选项，答案越概括越好，涵盖面越广越好完成显性的主旨题时要注意选项和文中的同义词、 近义词，不同的语法结构和不同的视角对这些内容的重述，迪附?而隐性的主旨题由于文中没有现成的句子表达，需要读者通过上下文总结概括。

此题属于显性的主旨题 依据短文第一段第一句 “Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. ” ，可推知正确答案为 C)42. In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder”(Line 2) means_.A) going to work abroadB) changing jobs frequentlyC) being promoted in positionD) pursuing an advanced degree［答案］C)［解析］ 此题属于语义猜测题解此类题最重要的是理解生词出现的语境狭义的语境可以理解为生词本身的结构或它在文中的上下文 广义的语境可以包括文章的语域、 读者的认知结构以及社会文化背景知识等 归纳猜测词义常用的一些方法， 可以发现主要是通过以下线索： （1）内部线索，即通过词的前后缀、词根等推测词义 （2）定义线索，包括X is/meansY 的正式定义，也有通过描写、比较与对照、同位语及信号词下定义的方法 (3)物理环境线索，如图片、图表等 （4）篇章线索，这种线索存在与学习者的脑中，尤其是经历和背景知识。

依据题干信息回到原文，我们可以找到答案的对应句在短文第一句和第二句“Therelationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up thecareerladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to help you dothejob you are paid to do .” ，根据第二句所描述表达的内容，可以判断答案为C)43. In order to achieve his objectives , your boss expects that you willl_.A) do your best in your workB) show your management skillsC) get along with your colleaguesD) write reports to upper management［答案］A)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。

依据题干信息和关键词In order to achieve his objectives，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Your boss also needs you to perform at your bestinorder to accomplish his objectives.” ，由此可知正确答案为 A)44.The most important factor for establishing a good woking relationship with the bossis_.A) high expectationsB) quick feedbackC) frequent criticismD) effective communication［答案］D)［解析］ 此题属于事实细节题依据题干信息和关键词The most important factor ，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“The key is communication.”由此可知正确答案为D)45. The best title for the passage might be _.A) How to Take Care of Your BossB) How to Get Along with Your BossC) How to Accept Your Boss’s CriticismD) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Objective［答案］B)［解析］ 此题属于主旨大意题。

依据短文的最后一段“In short, getting along with yourboss 意；另一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话Mrequires getting to know his likes anddislikes and learning to work with his personality andmanagement style.” ，可推知正确答案为 B)Task 3Directions: The following is an Announcement. After reading it, you are required to completetheoutline below it (No.46 to 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than threewords) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortableand enjoyable.For your safety and convenienceTo begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. Thesearealso explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts mustremainfastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on . It is advisable to keep them fastened at alltimeswhile seated. All flights are non-somking . The use of mobile telephones is now allowedwhen theairplane is on the ground. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.For your entertainmentTo help you enjoy your trip , we provide a range of newspapers .On our MD-11 and Boeingaircraft, we provide music and video programs. On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos areshown.Meals and drinksDuring most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks. Beer, wine and other drinks areservedfree of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic (国内的)flights .Ondomestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China ,a snack is served.［文章大意］ 短文介绍飞机飞行过程中的注意事项。

安全方面：系好安全带，关闭，不得吸烟，不得播放 CD 和 DVD; 娱乐方面：备有报纸，提供音乐及录像; 饮食方面：可以提供可口的餐点和饮料Eastern Flight ServiceSafety and convenience1) Seat belts: remain46while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on2) Somking : not alloweed on board3) Mobile phones: used only when the airplane is 474) CD and DVD : not allowed to play48Entertainment provided1) newspapers2) music and49on MD-11 and Boeing aircraftMeals and drinks on board1) meals served on most fllights2) coffee ,tea and juice served free of charge3) a snack served on all flights to50.cismD) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Object `46. ［答案］ fastened［解析］这是事实细节题。

依据题干信息、 关键词 remain， 可知答案对应句在For yoursafety and convenience 部分的第三句“Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fastenseatbelts”sign is on .” ，所以正确答案为 fastened47. ［答案］ on the ground［解析］ 这是事实细节题依据题干信息和关键词 Mobile phones，可知答案对应句在For your safety and convenience部分的倒数第二句“The use of mobile telephones is nowallowed when the airplane is on the ground.” ，所以正确答案为 on the ground48. ［答案］ during the flight［解析］ 这是事实细节题依据题干信息、关键词not allowed to play，可知答案对应点在 For your safety and convenience部分的倒数第一句“During the flight the use of CD andDVDplayers is not allowed.” ，所以正确答案为 during the flight。

49. ［答案］video programs［解析］这是事实细节题 依据题干信息、 关键词 music 和 on MD-11 and Boeing aircraft，可知答案对应句在 For your entertainment 部分的第二句“On our MD-11 and Boeingaircraft,we provide music and video programs.” ，所以正确答案为 video programs50. ［答案］ Northern China［解析］ 这是事实细节题 依据题干信息、 关键词 snack，可知答案对应句在Meals anddrinks部分的最后一句“On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to NorthernChina ,asnack is served.” ，由此可知正确答案为Northern China［解题方法］1）重点放在文章所传达的重要信息上（与写信息有关的人物、地点、时间等等），可以在原文标出；2）不要花太多时间去理解某个词或句子，只要了解到其中包含的信息即可；3）应用性文体有较为固定的框架格式和常用套语。

考生可先阅读要求填空的提纲，了解文章的类型（广告、合同、通知、申请书、前言、简介等等） ，再读题目，了解需要填的信息；4）按照题目中的关键词，去原文寻找出处大部分题目的答案可直接在文中找到答案，而有一些则需要考生进行归纳，或者进行转换；5）因为答题要求不超过 3 个词，所以考生必须抓住关键词或核心词，把修饰语如：形容词、冠词、代词、介词短语等去掉（在不影响核心内容的情况下） 总结起来为三个步骤：读提纲，看类型；关键词，找出处；归纳、转换和删减Entertainment provided1) newspap。