2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷12（附答案带详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered — some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.1.The principal purpose of this passage is to（  ）.2.The author’s response to those who urge the death penalty for all is likely to be（  ）.3.According to Paragraph 4, it can be inferred that（  ）.4.The passage attempts to establish a relationship between（  ）.5.The author’s attitude towards “death penalty” is（  ）.问题1选项A.speak for the majorityB.initiate a vetoC.criticize the governmentD.argue for the value of the death penalty问题2选项A.negativeB.friendlyC.supportiveD.hostile问题3选项A.the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayB.the second type of murderers should be sentenced to deathC.the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceD.the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated问题4选项A.the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyB.the effects of execution and the effects of isolationC.the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyD.executions and murders问题5选项A.opposingB.supportingC.neutralD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。

根据文章第一句，“…perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty.”，可知死刑是讨论最激烈的话题，所以文章的主题为死刑又根据下文，“Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.”，可知许多人肯定死刑的价值，认为死刑是对谋杀罪的有效震慑，而另一些人则认为死刑没有多大的价值，因为没有足够的证据证明死刑的实施减少了谋杀的数量又根据文章第三段，“In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action.”，可知作者认为死刑是一项必要的举措综上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于为死刑的价值作辩护选项D符合题意2.观点态度题根据文章第四段，“it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. ….While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”，可知一种是在盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命，一种是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀。

前者可以仅仅通过社会隔离的方式受惩罚，而后者则不然可知作者认为要根据谋杀程度来选择死刑所以作者对那些主张对所有人判处死刑的人的反应很可能是否定的选项A符合题意3.判断推理题根据文章第四段，“While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”，第一种谋杀罪犯（盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命）应该仅仅被社会隔离，而第二种冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀的罪犯不应该仅仅被隔离，而是应该被处以死刑可判断出第二类杀人犯应该被处以死刑选项B符合题意4.判断推理题根据文章最后一段，“The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亚的例子得出结论。

本州谋杀率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止实施的结果，可以清楚地表明，死刑确实制止了许多谋杀的念头可判断出作者想要讨论的是死刑的实施和谋杀率的关系选项A符合题意5.观点态度纵观全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的观点“死刑是一项必要的。