初中英语阅读讲义精品.docx

初中英语阅读讲义第一部分:阅读理解第一节：题型概说阅读理解是考察学生通过阅读短文获得信息、解决问题的实力，是上海市中考试题的“重中之重〞初中学业考试要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以与公告和广告等，主要考察学生在阅读过程中获得和处理信息的实力与对阅读策略的驾驭状况即：主要考察以下几种阅读的微技能：〔1〕理解主旨和要义； 〔主旨大意题〕 〔2〕理解所读材料的具体信息； 〔细微环节理解题〕 〔3〕根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词或词组的含义；〔猜测词义题〕 〔4〕做出简洁的推断和推理； 〔推理推断题〕 〔5〕理解文段中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 〔推理推断题〕 〔6〕理解作者的意图和看法。

〔推理推断题第二节：策略指导一、主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考察学生对文章的整体把握与理解程度，一般要求学生通读全文后再作答1.提问方式：(1) The passage is mainly about ________.(2) The writer wants to tell us__________. (3) The main idea of the passage is________.(4) Which is the best title of the passage(5) What do we learn from the text ……2.解题技巧：〔1〕先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，理解题目类别和提问方式〔2〕再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过阅读全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨找寻文章主旨大意的方法有如下几种： 找主题句：A.首尾段，首尾句B.首段出现疑问句或设问句时，对该问题的解答就是主旨大意C.段落中出现转折句时，该句很可能是主题句 找反复出现的单词 找重复出现同一意思的词，即作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨。

这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最终做3. 例题分析1．主题句定位法：通过分析篇章构造，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过找寻共同点，找出整个文章的主题句主题句呈现的方式：例题(1) 开宗明义式：主题句出如今文首In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social(社交的)progress and prosperity(幸运; 顺当). Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship(关系, 联络)between people.题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.例题(2) 藏头露尾式：主题句出如今文尾On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？ A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.例题(3) 首尾照应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进展阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。

值得留意的是，前后两个主题句不是简洁的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或开展Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.题目：The passage is mainly about . A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada例题(4) 抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题那么是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural〔不自然的, 反常的〕 environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful〔敬重别人的〕？Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections〞 of interesting “things〞 rather than protective habitats (栖息地). …Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species (物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty….…Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.题目： What does the author try to argue(说明) in the passage？A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.例题(5) 藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。

具体方法是：首先弄清晰各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联络，找寻共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade (贸易), 商业。