
《两个证据规定》实物证据排除规则研究.doc
44页硕士学位论文《两个证据规定》实物证据排除规则研究The Two Evidence Provisions of Eliminating Rules of PhysicalEvidence作者姓名: 李晓燕指导教师: 李昌盛副教授 西南政法 大学Southwest University of Political Science and Law内容摘要随着世界各国对刑事诉讼非法证据排除问题的深入研究,加之我国出现了一 些社会影响恶劣、威胁司法权威的错案,引起了理论界与实务界对于非法证据排 除的广泛讨论我国相关机关随即制定了《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干 问题的规定》和《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》《两个证 据规定》的出台是对《宪法》中“国家尊重和保障人权”原则的响应,也是由实 践小刑事错判案件所引起的对证据问题的重视和响应其中有关实物证据排除的 规定,是对程序法定和程序正为的重视,为法官的自由裁量提供了标准有利于 侦查、检察、审判人员强化证据意识,从而切实保障人权、维护司法公正本文 专门针对有关实物证据排除问题进行探索实物证据排除规则可分三种类型:一是原始证据规则该规则要求作为定案 依据的证据应半是原件、原物,只有在特殊情况下才相对的排除原件、原物的使 用。
二是瑕疵证据补正或合理解释原则,这主要涉及了对于存在瑕疵的实物证据 的排除规则三是取证程序违法的非法实物证据的排除条件和情形实物证据排除规则的缺陷主要在于:相关术语含义模糊,缺乏可操作性;没 有完全排除使用瑕疵证据和“毒树Z果S “补正”有被滥用的嫌疑;审查证据的 主体与审判案件的主体相重合,影响法官自由心证;检察监督部门对收集和补正 证据的监督力量不够造成这些缺陷的原因主要在于:受“重实体,轻程序"的 刑事诉讼观念的影响;立法理念存在偏差,立法者倾向于“挽救"而不是“排除" 证据;司法资源不足以及办案机制、审查监督机制不合理要完善实物证据排除制度,应从排除规则的三种类型入手,确立可操作性强 的排除规则及例外情形,坚持排除“毒树之果”在程序上应将审查证据的主体 与审判案件的主体区分开,强化检察监督,建立半庭辨认制度关键词:非法实物证据;瑕疵证据;排除规则AbstractWith the world of criminal illegal evidence exclusion of research, together with our country has some bad effect on society, threaten judicial authority in the case, by the theoretical circles and practical circles to discuss a wide range of exclusion of the illegally obtained evidence. China s authorities to immediately set about handling death penalty cases “ examining and judging the evidence of^ and" on the handling of exclusion of illegal evidence in criminal cases the provisions of a number of issues". “ Two rules of evidence^ issued to "the constitution^ the state respects and safeguards human rights principle^ response, but also by the practice of Criminal Misjudged Cases Arising from the evidence of problems with attention and response. The physical evidence exclusion rules of procedure, legal and procedural due attention, as the judges1 discretion provides standard. Help the investigation, prosecution, trial personnel to strengthen the evidence consciousness, thereby guaranteeing human rights, safeguarding judicial justice. This article specifically related to physical evidence exclude issues explored・Physical evidence exclusion rules can be divided into three types: one is the original evidence rules. The rules of evidence should be taken as the original, the original, only in special circumstances, only the relative exclusion, the original use of the original. Two is the defective evidence to make corrections or reasonable explanation principle, which mainly involves the flaws of physical evidence exclusionary rule. Three is the forensics program illegal illegal evidence exclusion conditions and circumstances.Physical evidence exclusion rules mainly lies in: Terminology Relating to defects is ambiguous, lack of maneuverability; not completely exclude the use of defective evidence and the*bfruit of the poisonous tree?,; "correction^ abuse of suspects; a review of the evidence and the main body of the trial subjects are coincident, the judge free heart certificate; procuratorial supervision department of collection and correction of supervision strength is insufficient evidence. The cause of these defects is the main reason: "heavy entity, light procedure^ in the criminal procedure idea influence; legislative idea existence deviation, legislators tend to“save^ and nofexclude11 evidence; the lack of judicial resources and the case-handling mechanism, supervision mechanism is reasonable.To improve the physical evidence exclusion rule system, from three type proceed with, establish the feasible rules and exceptions, adhere to the exclusion of" fruit of the poisonous treen. The procedure shall will review evidence on the subject and the trial subjects apart, strengthen the procuratorial supervision, establishing the identification system.Key words: Illegal physical evidence; Defective evidence; Exclusionary rule口录引言 1一、《两个证据规定》中实物证据排除的历史背景及意义 3(一)历史背景 3(二) 积极意义 5二、 实物证据排除规则的类型化分析 7(-)收集提供证据吋应当遵循“原始证据原则” 7(-)瑕疵证据补正或合理解释的原则 9(三) 取证程序违法的非法证据排除条件和情形 12三、 实物证据排除规则的缺陷及成因 13(-)实物证据排除规则的缺陷 13(―)实物证据排除规则缺陷的成因 20四、 对完善实物证据排除制度的探索 24(一)对“原始证据规则”相对排除情形的限制 24(-)对瑕疵证据的“补正”或“合理解释"原则的补充 25(三) 取证程序违法的排除情形 29(四) 非法言词证据所取得的“毒树之果”应予以排除 30(五) 排除实物证据的程序构建 3134参考文献 35致谢 37《两个证据规定》实物证据排除规则研究为了维护司法权威、规范侦查取证人员的取证行为和防止错案的发生,2010 年,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部和司法部联合发布了《两个证据规定》,即:《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》(在 后文出现吋简写为《死刑案件证据规定》)和《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》(在后文出现时简写为《排除非法证据规定》),并在当年7 月1 口生效实施,这引起了学界、司法界对其中有关非法证据排除内容的热烈 讨论。
毫无疑问,《两个证据规定》的出台虽然有些晚,但也算是适逢其吋、卓 有成效:即通过发展我国的刑事证据制度,来防止和控制司法误判的出现,是我 国法治建设人步向前迈进的标志,也体现了对人权的保障同时,在《两个证据 规定》出台前,由于H前我国的《刑事诉讼法》对证据的规定过于简单,一共只 有8条,对于实物证据的排除范围和操作程序都没有涉及,也无相关的司法解释 解决以上提到的问题所以,在办理案件的过程中,违法取证的行为时常发生, 如为公众所知的“赵作海案件J “杜培武案件,等这些冤案的发生都是非法取 证的产物,社会影响十分恶劣,也引起了社会舆论对司法公正性和权威性的质疑, 带来了很大的负面影响因此《两个证据规定》的出台实际上是对以上负面影响 的正面回应此后,在2011年的《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》中,也新增加了 有关完善非法证据排除制度的内容,这又使得《两个证据规定》具有了立法上的 开创性意义值得注意的是,此次出台的《沏个证据规定》中,证据的排除范囤 扩展到了影响公止审判的非法物证和书证,即对实物证据的排除规定,这无疑是 具有重要意义的鉴于此,本文的研究H的、理论意义和实践价值在于在于:就 《。












