资勘专业英语段落翻译.doc

Translated by 完颜小贱1Unit1 Cosmic Beginnings 宇宙的起源 1．Where and when does the history of the Earth begin? Only in the last few decades could this question be asked with any hope of a scientific answer. 地球的历史上是何时何地开始的?只有在过去的几十年里,这个问题才 有了一个比较科学的回答来解释Certainly one good point at which to start is the time when the materials that were to become the Earth became separated in space from materials that were to become other members of the solar system. 当然存在一个较好的说法是地球的起源时间是当组成地球的物质在宇宙中开始与太空中组成当然存在一个较好的说法是地球的起源时间是当组成地球的物质在宇宙中开始与太空中组成 太阳系其它成员的物质分离的时候太阳系其它成员的物质分离的时候.Although the story could well commence here, a great many important questions would remain unanswered. 虽然故事很可能开始在这里,许多重要的问题仍悬而未决。

Something needs to be said about the materials that make up the Earth, and this pushes the question of origin to a more remote period. 一些有必要提及的物质构成了地球,这将推动更偏远的起源问题Earth's partners in space must also be considered. 地球在太空的合作伙伴也必须加以考虑Now that we know from first-hand observations a great deal about physical conditions on other planets we can seek reasonable answers as to why early Earth was different from early Mars and early moon. 现在我们知道从其他星球上得到的第一手观察的物 理条件，这让我们可以尽早寻求合理的答案，为什么地球是不同于早期火星和月球To understand differences and similarities, we must study the entire solar system including the sun. 为了理解差异和相似之处, 我们必须研究包括太阳的整个太阳系。

To understand stars of the class to which the sun belongs, we need to know more about other bodies in the Milky Way Galaxy. 为了了解恒星太阳所属的类为了了解恒星太阳所属的类,我们需要知道更多关于 银河系的其他天体 4. The solar system occupies a vast, flattened, lens-shaped region of space, in which the planets and most of the smaller components move in an almost perfect plane around the sun. 4．太阳系在太空中是一个巨大的,平坦的， 透镜状的区域，行星和大部分的更小的组件沿着一个几乎完整的面绕着太阳转This structure has naturally been compared to the spiral galaxies and to the planet Saturn with its satellites and puzzling rings. 这个 结构好比与螺旋星系和土星和它的卫星或不明飞行体一样。

Although the solar system is unlike either of these aggregations in detail, the concept of a large central body with flattened encircling rings or spiral arms remains as the starting point for modern theories of its origin. 虽然太阳系在细节上也不像这些集合体,但是带 有平坦的螺旋圈或旋臂仍然是现代起源理论的起点Depositional Environment沉积环境1. The characteristic properties of sedimentary rocks are generated through the combined action of the various physical, chcmical, and biological processes that make up the sedimentary cycle. 沉积岩的特征性质是由各种 物理、化学和生物过程的共同作用产生的，这些过程组成了沉积旋回这些过程组成了沉积旋回。

Weathering，erosion, sediment transport, deposition, and diagenesis all leave their impress in some way on the final sedimentary rock product. 风化、侵蚀、沉积物搬运、沉积和成岩作用以某种方式形成了最后沉积岩产物 it is the sedimentary processes and conditions that collectively constitute the depositional environment and play the primary role in determining textures, structures, bedding features, and stratigraphic characteristic of sedimentary rocks. 沉积过 程和条件,共同构成了沉积环境并在决定纹理、结构、层理特征,地层沉积岩的特征方面扮演主要的角色 This close genetic relationship between depositional processes and rock properties provides a potentially powerful tool for interpreting ancient depositional environments.沉积过程与岩性之间的继承关系提供了一个 工具来为了怎样解释古沉积环境。

If geologists can find a way to relate specific rock properties to particular Translated by 完颜小贱2depositional processes and conditions, they can work backward to infer the ancient depositional processes and environmental conditions that created these particular rock properties.如果地质学家能找到一种方法将岩石特 性与特殊的沉积过程和条件相关联，他们就能够反推造成这些特殊岩石性质的古代沉积过程和环境条件4.Study of ancient depositional environments is important because the insight gained through environmental analysis allows us to reconstruct the paleogeography of previous geologic periods,that is, the relationship of ancient lands and seas.古沉积环境的研究是很重要的,因为该方法获得的信息通过环境分析使我们能够重 建前地质时期的古地理学,也就是说,古老的陆地与海洋的关系。

It helps us also to develop a proper understanding of sedimentary processes in the history of Earth and an improved ability to interpret complex stratigraphic relationships such as lateral and vertical variations in lithology and texture. 它也帮助我们开发一 个正确理解地球历史上的沉积过程和一种改进的能力来解释复杂的地层关系如横向和纵向岩性和质地的 变化Furthermore, thorough understanding of depositional environments is an essential factor in evaluating the economic significance of sedimentary rocks,their potential reservior rocks and source rocks for petroleum,for example. 此外,彻底了解沉积环境在评估沉积岩的经济意义上是一个重要的因素,其潜在储层岩石和石油 烃源岩,为例。

Unit2 Superposition: A Fundamental Law of Geology地层叠覆律:地质学的基本定律1.The chief distinguishing characteristic of sedimentary rocks is that they are found in layers or beds. they are, in other words, bedded deposits. 沉积岩的主要特点是它们具有层理，换句话说，它们就是层状沉积物This is because the materials of which they are composed have settled out of air or water so as to be more or less evenly distributed. 这是因为它们的材料解决了由空气或水这是因为它们的材料解决了由空气或水, ,或多或少是均匀分布的或多或少是均匀分布的The settling process is not continuous, what goes on is somewhat like the successive snowsto。