人口流动对生育率影响的统计研究.pdf
67页南京财经大学 硕士学位论文 人口流动对生育率影响的统计研究 姓名:丁淑芬 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:统计学 指导教师:杨益民 2011-01-04 I 摘 要 我国的生育率已经稳定在一个低生育的水平,人口呈现明显的老龄化趋势, 这必将形成人口增长的“倒三角”模式,危及到社会的稳定传统的生育率转变 理论集中在社会经济和政策变化对生育率转变的影响, 然而我们发现中国生育率 的下降与流动人口规模扩张在时间上出现了耦合 本文在前人研究的基础上,首先对我国人口的生育率和流动现状进行分析, 为建立理论模型提供依据;其次,建立人口流动对生育率影响的理论模型,选取 适当的指标数据, 运用协方差分析方法对流入地、 流出地的生育率差异进行分析; 在此基础上,利用 Amos 软件构建路径分析模型,得到人口流动对生育率的影响 路径和影响程度,并引入“时滞”的思想,得出人口流动对生育率的当期影响和 延期影响, 接着运用时间序列数据, 拟合全国流动人口数量与生育率的关系曲线; 最后利用皮尔曲线预测法对我国未来流动人口的规模做出预测, 并据此预测生育 率,提出政策建议 根据上述研究得出的主要结论有: (1)从时间上来看,我国生育率的转变具 有明显的阶段性; 从全国各省区来看, 中国的生育水平有明显的地区性差异。
(2) 我国流动人口规模呈现快速增长的格局, 现阶段中国的流动人口以劳动年龄人口 和经济型流动人口为主,全国流动人口受教育状况高于总人口,且人口流入地的 分布呈现沿海集中化的格局 (3)引起人口流出地生育率显著高于流入地的主要 因素是地区间经济社会因素水平的差异 (4)人口的流入对流入地生育率的当期 影响和延期影响均为负效应,且延期影响大于当期影响,经济社会因素对生育水 平的总影响高于人口流动因素对生育水平的总影响,即进入 21 世纪后,经济社 会因素仍然为影响中国生育水平的主要因素,且此影响还在不断增强 (5)我国 流动人口规模与生育率呈现双曲线关系,流动人口的增长导致了生育率的下降 (6)中国的流动人口总量将有增无减,但流动人口增长速度将逐步放慢;一般 生育率进一步下降,但下降速度有所减缓 针对研究结论提出的相关政策建议有:生育政策的调整;重点解决影响流动 人口发展的政策和体制问题,为流动人口的生存发展提供公平的外部环境;在流 动人口密集地区建立健全的管理服务机构 关键词:生育率;协方差分析;路径分析;滞后影响;流动人口预测 II ABSTRACT China's fertility rate has stabilized at a low level, and population aging presents a significant trend, which will become a population growth of the “inverted triangle“ mode, threatening social stability. The traditional theory of fertility transition focus on socio-economic and policy changes’ impact on the fertility transition, but we found the decline of China’s fertility rate and the expansion of the size of current floating population occurred in time coupling. Based on previous studies, this paper firstly analyzes the status of China’s fertility and migration situation, which provides the basis for the establishment of theoretical models. Secondly, the paper establishes the theoretical model, which provides sufficient theoretical support for empirical research together with appropriate indexes selection, and then using the analysis of covariance to analyze the difference of fertility rate between resettlement areas and areas of departure. On the theoretical and realistic basis, the paper constructs path analysis model and introduces the conception of “delay” by Amos software, analyzes the influence path and degree of the factors affecting fertility rate, and fits the curve that reflects the relationship between floating population and fertility rate. Finally, the paper conducts Logistic Curve prediction of floating population size, and puts forward relevant suggestions at the same time. The main results concluded from the above research are: (1) From the time point of view, China's fertility rate has a significant phase shift; China's fertility level has obvious regional differences between provinces and regions. (2) Size of floating population in China showed a pattern of rapid growth. National educational status of the floating population is higher than the overall population’s. The intra-provincial migration behavior of the floating population is frequent in the coastal area of China. (3) The main reason for the difference of fertility rate between resettlement areas and areas of departure is the level of economic development. (4) Migration contributes to the declining of the fertility rate. Moreover, its lagged effect is greater than current effect. The influence of the economic-social factors is bigger than that of the migration factor. That means the socioeconomic factor is the main reason for the decrease of fertility rate. (5) China's floating population size and fertility show hyperbola. And Current population growth has led to a decline in fertility. (6) China's current total floating population will increase, but the flow rate of population growth will gradually slow down. Based on the conclusions, policy suggestions proposed are: Family planning policy should be partially adjusted in some low-fertility areas; put emphasis on the development of the floating population policy and institutional issues which effect the development of the floating population, and provides a fair external environment for III the survival and development for the floating population; establish a sound institution to manage and provide service in densely populated areas. KEY WORDS:Fertility rate; one factor analysis of covariance; Path analysis; Lagged effect; Floating population prediction 学位论文独创性声明学位论文独创性声明 本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
论文中 除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,不包含其他人或其它机构已经发表或撰写 过的研究成果其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确 的声明并表示了谢意 作者签名: 日期: 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解南京财经大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有 权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部 或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存论文保密的论文在解 密后遵守此规定 作者签名: 导师签名: 日期: 南京财经大学硕士学位论文 1 第 1 章 绪论 1.1 问题的提出问题的提出 1.1.1 研究背景研究背景 人口问题是制约可持续发展的首要问题,是影响社会经济发展的重要因素, 而对生育率的研究又一直是人口研究的重点中国人口的总和生育率在上个世 纪,从 1970 年的 5.81 迅速下降到 1989 年的 2.24,也就是说在 20 世纪 90 年代 初,我国的总和生育率水平已经接近更替水平,其中一些省份的总和生育率水平 已低于更替水平由此可以知道,我国已经完成生育率的转变,正处在低生育水 平下的后人口转变时期。
2006 年全国人口和计划生育统计公报显示,2004 年、 2005 年和 2006 年全国育龄妇女的总和生育率分别为 1.59、1.74 和 1.87这说明 我国的生育率已经稳定在一个低生育的水平,人口呈现明显的老龄化趋势,这必 将形成人口增长的“倒三角”。





