2016年高考英语复习题：课时19 阅读理解文体技法2.doc

1课时 19　阅读理解文体技法 2——说明文Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练【精要提示】　说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律) 的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征阅读时须注意：(1)注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络2)在阅读过程中画出长难句的主干成分( 主谓宾) 、标出关键词，有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图高考经典练】(2015·浙江卷，C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars， we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to 2receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars， leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force， and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.3Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.1．According to the passage，human beings ．A．prefer to live in the darknessB． are used to living in the day lightC． were curious about the midnight worldD．had to stay at home with the light of the moon2．What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?A．The night. B．The moon.C． The sky. D．The planet.3．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ．4A．provide examples of animal protectionB． show how light pollution affects animalsC． compare the living habits of both speciesD．explain why the number of certain species has declined4．It is implied in the last paragraph that ．A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsB． light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesC． human beings cannot go to the outer spaceD．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe5．What might be the best title for the passage?A．The Magic Light. B． The Orange Haze.C． The Disappearing Night. D．The Rhythms of Nature.Ⅱ.能力提升练A(2015·淮阴四校高三仿真模拟)President Xi has said that realizing the great renewal of the nation is a long－cherished dream of Chinese in modern times.Now，a new book，The Chinese Dream，launched by New World Press，will explain the dream in detail.The book，published in Chinese with an English edition coming soon， aims to explore what the Chinese Dream means for China and the 5rest of the world.The book offers vivid and dynamic first－person accounts as explanations of the meaning of the Chinese Dream.Inspiring people described in the book include successful business figures such as Park Keuntae，president and CEO of South Korea－based CJ Group's operations in China，and ordinary people such as Dominic Johnson－ Hill，a young man from London known as “Lao Jiang” who runs a small shop in Beijing's Nanluogu Hutong.“Having lived in China for 29 years，I've witnessed the great achievements of China's reform and opening－up.I've benefited。