专四常考语法点汇总[高等教育].pdf

语法与词汇专项 语法核心考点一 从属分句 复合句 主句 从句 1 个或 1 个以上 要点 1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分 以语法功能作为分类标准 从 属分句可以分为状语从句 关系从句 即定语从句 和名词性从句 其中状语从 句可分为时间 地点 原因 结果 程度 目的 条件 让步和方式等 名词性 从句可分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式 条件 让步 方式和时间状语从句上 关 系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区 别 名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句 一 状语从句 状语从句真题剖析 1 Nine is to three three is to one 2008 53 A when B that C which D what 2 he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend he had to stay behind to finish his assignment 2008 55 A Much though B Much as C As much D Thouth much 3 Men differ from animals they can think and speak 2008 54 A for which B for that C in that D in which 4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as 2008 60 A it could be B could be C it was D was 5 The couple had no sooner got to the station the coach left 2009 60 A when B as C until D than 6 the boss says it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay 2010 55 A Whatever B Whenever C Whichever D However 7 Fool Jerry is he could not have done such a thing A who B as C like D that 8 He asked me to lend him some money which I agreed to do that he paid me back the following week 2005 A on occasion B on purpose C on condition D only if 9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause A I got a job as soon as I left university B As there was on answer I wrote again C You must do the exercise as I show you D Wealthy as he is Mark is not a happy man 状语从句重点总结 一 条件状语从句 表示条件或假设 通常由以下连词或结构引导 If 如果unless 如果不 除非 as long as 只要so long as 只要 on condition that 条件是in the event that 如果 在 的情况下 provided providing that 假如given that 如果 suppose supposing that 假如assuming that 假如 say 假如 特别提醒 几种不常用的条件状语从句举例 In the event that she can not arrive on time we will go first Suppose it snowed we would still go Say what he said were true what would you do about it 二 让步状语从句 含有 虽然 尽管 即使 之意 主要引导词有 though although 虽然even if even though 即使 no matter 疑问词无论疑问词 ever 无论 in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管 much as 不管 尽管 for all that 尽管 as thoughgranted granting that 虽然 尽管 特别提醒 1 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例 In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb he had a genius for music While the grandparents love the children they are strict with them Much as she needed the job she had to refuse For all that there were a lot of difficulties he finally entered the final competition and won Granted you have made much progress you should not be conceited 2 用了 although 或 though 就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but 但是 though 可以和 yet 连用 Although they were very tired but they still working true false Though they were very tired yet they still working true false 3 no matter 疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句 可用疑问词 ever来引导主 语从句和宾语从句 No matter what he says has nothing to do withme true false Whatever he says has nothing to do withme true false The old man believes no matter what his son tells him true false The old man believes whatever his son tells him true false 4 as though 引导的让步状语从句如果有强调的部分 通常将强调的部分置于句 首 Young as he was Child as he was he could do some housework for his mother Young though he was Child though he was he could do some housework for his mother Though he was young Though he was a child he could do some housework for his mother 注意 as 引导的让步状语从句必须倒装 though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装 5 for all that 表示让步概念 that 可以省略 相当于 in spite of 或 in spite of the fact that 其后可接短语或从句 For all the fine words he may say to your face he does not like you at heart For all that you say he will not change his mind 三 时间状语从句 表示时间关系 引导词主要有以下 表示 当 的时候 when while as just as nest time the last time each time every time whenever 表示时间先后before after 表示 一 就 As soon as once hardly when before scarecely when before no sooner than directly immediately instantly the moment second minute 其他时间By the time 到 的时候 it is the first second time not until 直到 才 ever since 自从 特别提醒 1 几种不常用的时间状语从句 They went into action directly immediately instantly the moment they heard the alarm 2 几种需要用完成时态的时间状语从句 By the time I got there they had left for the airport It is the first time that I have visited China It was the second time that I had visited China He had hardly escaped when before he was captured I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain I have been living there all the time since I moved there in 1992 3 否定词置于句首时注意倒装 Hardly had he escaped when he was capured No sooner had I reached there than it began to rain 4 when 引导时间状语从句 如果出现在后半句 可以表示 这时突然 之意 I was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop 5 表示时间先后的连词before 可表示条件意义 译作 只有 必须 才能 New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted 四 比较状语从句 可分为同级比较和不同级比较 同级比较通常由as引导 不同级比较通常由than 引导 注意几种特殊引导形式 the more less the more less 越 越 just as so 正如 也 A is to B what as C is to D A 之于 B 就如 C之于 D 一样 As A is to B so C is to D 正如 A 之于 B C也之于 D no not any more than 与 都不 no not any less than 与 一样都 not so much as 与其说 不如说 特别提醒 1 几种不常用比较状语从句 You were on time and so was I 注意用倒装结构 Food is to men what as oil is to machine As food is important to men so oil is to machine He is no more a teacher than we are He is no less a teacher than we are It is not so much th。