语用学讲义3合作原则与会话含义.ppt

第4讲 合作原则与会话含义¡1、以下对话中第二个说话人的意思是什么？请你将其真实意思解释出来，并说明你是如何推导出这些意思来的a）Virginia: Do you like my new hat? Mary: It’s pink.（b）Maggie: Coffee? James: It’s would keep me awake all night.（c）Linda: Have you finished the student evaluation forms and the reading lists? Jean: I’ve done the reading lists.（d）Phil: Are you going to Steve’s barbecue? Terry: Well,Steve’s got those dogs now.（e）Annie: Was the dessert any good? Mike: Annie,cherry pie is cherry pie.¡2、同以上联系类似。

¡（a）Virginia: Try the roast pork.¡ Mary: It’s pink.¡（b）Maggie: We went to see The Omen last night but it wasn’t very scary.¡ James: It’s would keep me awake all night.¡（c）Linda: You look very pleased with yourself.¡ Jean: I’ve done the reading lists.¡（d）Phil: His garden looks awful.¡ Terry: Well,Steve’s got those dogs now.¡（e）Annie: I thought the pie would cheer you up.¡ Mike: Annie,cherry pie is cherry pie.¡3.回到练习1.如果你有以下信息的话你考虑第1个说话人是如何理解第2个说话人的回答的。

¡ ——Pink is Mary’s favourite colour and Virginia knows this.¡ ——James has to stay up all night to study for an exam and Maggie knows this.¡ ——Mike loves cherry pie. As far as he’s concerned, no one can ruin a cherry pie, and Annie knows this.¡4、假设你是一位主考官，你在考虑X是否适合一份需要较高写作能力的工作你已经写信给他的老师请她评价他在该学科的表现你收到以下回复：¡ “X has regularly and punctually attended all my classes. All his assignments were handed in on time and very neatly presented. I greatly enjoyed having X in my class. ”¡What maxim does the teacher seem to flout?¡What implicature would you draw about X’s writing skills?¡Why do you think the teacher phrased her response this way?¡5、Speech therapist：So you like ice-cream. What are you favourite flavours？ Child with a pragmatic disorder: hamburger…fish and chips.¡ 这个孩子没有遵守哪条准则？你认为他是违背还是违反该准则？¡6、以下划线的每句话后面的括号里的解释是预设还是会话含义？¡（a）A: My boyfriend lives in Luton. B: My boyfriend lives in Paris. (I have a boyfriend.)¡（b）A: What? B: Why are you laughing at me? (You are laughing at me)¡（c）A: Why is she eating those? B: Her father didn’t give her any supper. (She didn’t have any supper.)¡（d）A: Is Mike engaged? B: He’s bought a ring. (Mike is engaged.)¡（e）A: You look pleased. B: I managed to pass the exam. (I try to pass the exam )¡（f）A: Did you finish that report? B: I started it. （I didn’t finish the report）7、以下例子违反了哪个准则？你认为违反的例子，可以推导出什么样的会话含义。

方括弧里是背景信息 （a）Annie: Mike, did you pass the driving test? Mike: No. (Mike knows he’s passed the driving test.)（b） Annie: Do you want seconds? Mike: gmmm uh mmm (Mike’s just had his wisdom teeth extracted.)（c） Annie: I really liked that dinner. Mike: I’m a vegetarian.（d） Teacher: What time is it? [towards the end of a lecture] Student: It’s 10:44 and 35.6 seconds.（e） Student A: How are you. Student B: I’m dead.（f） Host: Would you like a cocktail? It’s my own invention. Guest: Well, mmn uh it’s not that we don’t not drink.¡7、说说练习1的第二个说话人都违反了哪条准则。

¡8、会话含义“我不喜欢它”、“张三恨猫”和“李四懒惰”请你各写出两个不同的对话，各自违反一个不同的会话准则并据此推导出以上的会话含义¡1. Quality: Try to make your contribution one that is true.¡ (1)Do not say what you believe to be false.¡ (2)Do not say that for which you lack adequate ¡ evidence.¡2. Quantity¡ (1)Make your contribution as informative as is ¡ required for the current purposes of the exchange.¡ (2)Do not make your contribution more informative ¡ than is required. ¡3. Relation: Be relevant. ¡4. Manner: Be perspicuous（清晰明白的）.¡ (1)Avoid obscurity of expression. ¡ (2)Avoid ambiguity.¡ (3)Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).¡ (4)Be orderly. 。