英美概况SectionFourTheBritishGovernmentampSectionFivePoliticalParties.ppt

Section four : The British GovernmentSection five:Political PartiesThe British GovernmentIntroductionlHer Majesty’s Government lThe Cabinetl Whitehall and No.10 Downing StreetHer Majesty’s GovernmentuConsists of the Cabinet & various departmentsuThe nucleus is known as the CabinetuThe Prime MinisterA party wins the majority of the seats in the Lower House at a general electionThe monarch appoints the party leader Prime Minister and ask him (her) to form the governmentThe Prime Minister chooses heads of departments from among the MPs and ask the monarch to appoint them accordinglyThat’s why we say it is the Prime Minister who appoints the heads of departments and has the right to remove them through face-saving resignationThe heads of the departmentsMinister of AgricultureMinister of DefenceForeign secretary……Chancellor of the ExchequerThe heads of the departments are entitled differentlyThe CabinetØ Composed of the Prime Minister and heads of the most important departments (cabinet ministers)Ø Headed by the Prime MinisterØDutiesØFunctionsDutiesuProposes the most important bills to be laid before ParliamentuOutlines government’s programme in the “Queen’s Opening Speech ”uActs as a unit in all mattersTo ask the people to make the decisionThe Government commands the majority of the seats in the House of Commons, the Cabinet’s measures are endorsed by Parliament.Reason：：The government’s important policy fails to pass the House of CommonslThe Cabinet resigns in a bodylThe Opposition Party forms a new governmentlThe Prime Minister ask the monarch to dissolve the existing Parliament and order a new electionResultsGo to the Country：：The future and destiny of the Cabinet will depend on the result of the new electionFunctions:uThe final determination of policiesuThe supreme control of Government uThe coordination of Government work of different departmentsWhitehallStands for the English Government in news reportsNo.10 downing streetStands for the British prime minister in news reportsPolitical PartiesIntroductionlThe Conservative PartylThe Labour PartyThe Conservative PartyuThe origin of its name The Conservatives evolved from the Tories, a political group formed under the reign of king Charles II.lThe Whig PartylThe Tory PartyuThe nature of the Conservative PartyuSupportersAfter the Restoration in 1660, Charles II became the king and reigned over Britain. when he was becoming old, he wanted his brother James to succeed him. But the opponents were against his arrangement and called his plan “Whigs”. Towards the middle of 19th century, they used to another name ,the Liberal Party. After WWI, the Liberal Party began to disintegrate and disappeared.The Whig PartyThe Whigs represented the interest of the landed aristocracy and big merchants of the towns.The Tory PartyIt is the opponent of the Whig Party, called the Tories. During the middle of the 19th century, the Tory Party changed its name into Conservative Party.The Tories represented the interests of the smaller landed gentry and tradesmen. In favor of peace and stable order for developmentAgainst drastic social changesThe conservatives are called the “Right” because of its opposition to violent social changes. they stand for free enterprise and less government interference.The nature of the Conservative PartySupportersA majority of the middle classNearly all the upper-middle class（（professional and managerial people）The well-to-do workersIt can be said that the higher one goes up in social and economic class in Britain, the more likely he is to vote for the Conservative candidate.The Labour PartyuThe origin of its nameuThe nature of the Labour PartyusupportersThe Labour Party was founded in 1900 by unionists, liberals, socialists and the Fabian Society. At first it was called the Labour Representation Committee which was then changed into the Labour Party.The origin of its nameThe nature of the Labour PartyThe basic doctrine of the Labour Party is to promote communal growth. The Labour Party believes in socialism and advocates class co-operation and demands economic equality. It’s called the Left and it represents the interests of the middle and lower-middle classes and supports nationalization of big enterprises.supportersAbout 20% of the upper-middle classHalf of the middle class60% of the manual workersThe Labour Party can win a general election largely depends on the economic situation in Britain. There are other contributing factors, such as the party’s political stratagem, function of nationalism and the prestige of leaders.The big victory Mrs. Thatcher won at the general election of 1983 was partly due to the influence of nationalism.National ConferenceThe Labour PartyThe Conservative PartyAttendees Delegates( trade unions & the party’s local organizations )Representatives (local organizations)Actions Act in obedience to the directionsHear ,discuss, know, support the policies and ideas.ResultsRefuse to support the policy & Suffer from disagreements Adopt the most effective policy & flexible tactics。