第八讲词序调整法PPT优秀课件.ppt

Inversion词序调整法要保留原文中信息所负载的内容，就必须改变语言形式对语言形式改变的程度取决于始源语同目的语之间在语言上、文化上有多长的距离2021/5/261Contentsl1. Definition and discussionl2.Inversion of word/phrase orderl3. Position of attributive words, phrases, l4. Position of adverbial words, phrasesl5.Inversion of sentence structure2021/5/2621. Definition and discussionl By inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. This change of word order is necessary because, first of all, each language has its own natural word order and its own peculiarities in word order, secondly, inversion, as a stylistic device, is often used for emphasis.2021/5/263汉语在语序上的表达习惯：汉语在语序上的表达习惯：l(1) 汉语一般状语在前，动词在后汉语一般状语在前，动词在后 l(2) 汉语一般时间状语在先，地点状语在后汉语一般时间状语在先，地点状语在后l(3) 汉汉语语重重人人称称，，人人称称主主语语在在前前，，原原物物称称主主语在后语在后 l(4) 汉汉语语多多主主动动语语态态，，“真真主主语语”在在前前，，“假假主主语语”在后在后 l(5) 汉语一般从句在前，主句在后汉语一般从句在前，主句在后 l(6) 汉汉语语中中，，定定语语或或定定语语从从句句常常置置于于被被修修饰饰的名词前的名词前 2021/5/264汉语在语序上的表达习惯：汉语在语序上的表达习惯：l(7) 汉汉语语中中，，行行为为动动作作先先发发生生的的在在前前，，后后发发生的在后生的在后l(9) 汉汉语语中中，，地地点点状状语语的的语语序序是是，，大大地地方方在在先，小地方在后先，小地方在后2021/5/265汉语重人称，人称主语在前，原物称主汉语重人称，人称主语在前，原物称主语在后语在后lA wave of cigar smoke accompanied him in. l他他进门时带进来一缕雪茄烟雾。

进门时带进来一缕雪茄烟雾 lHunting is his latest enthusiasm. l他最近热衷于他最近热衷于打猎打猎 2021/5/2662.Inversion of word/phrase orderl1. Inversion of Word Order in Translating Word-Groups or PhraseslThe coordinating words of an English word-group or phrases are usually arranged according to their shades of meaning: “each is more impressive than the preceding” (Fowler 1965: 92). Chinese word order is often the opposite. Thus a common rule for translation is: 2021/5/267EnglishChinesenarrower range→wider rangewider range→narrower rangeless important→more important more important→less importantweaker→ strongerstronger→ weaker2021/5/2682021/5/2692021/5/2610loss and gain得失得失track and field (events)田径运田径运动the iron and steel industry钢铁工业open-door policy门户开放开放政策peasants who had little or no land无地和少地无地和少地的农民Small and medium-sized enterprises中小中小企业2021/5/2611la small round wooden tablel一张木制一张木制小小圆桌圆桌 l a brave hard-working peoplel一个勤劳一个勤劳勇敢的勇敢的民族民族 lan outstanding contemporary American writerl一位美国现代一位美国现代优秀优秀作家作家 la modernized, powerful socialist countryl社会主义社会主义现代化强国现代化强国 l a great and most glorious cause l极其极其光荣光荣伟大的事业伟大的事业2021/5/2612lGenerally speaking, especially in colloquial speech or literary works, a series of attributive modifiers in Chinese is seldom completely placed before a noun: with some before the noun, and the rest after. 2021/5/2613lKeith: A little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.l凯斯是一个讨饭的，他身材矮小，面色苍黄，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡子。

lShe was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington. (The New Encyclopedia Britannica)l她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点脾气2021/5/26143. Position of attributive words, phrases 定语位置调整的说明定语位置调整的说明1．单词作定语．单词作定语英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此有时英语中有后置的，但前，汉语中也大体如此有时英语中有后置的，但译成汉语时一般都前置译成汉语时一般都前置 something important（后置）（后置） 重要的事情（前置）事情（前置） 如果英语中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前如果英语中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。

a little，yellow，ragged beggar（前置）（前置）一个要饭的，一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后（后置）置）2021/5/2615l2．短语作定语英语中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习惯而定　　their attempt to cross the river（后置）　　他们渡江的企图（前置）　　the decimal system of counting（后置）　　十进制计算法（后置）2021/5/26164. Position of adverbial words, phrasesl4.1．单词作状语英语中单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时，通常放在它所修饰的形容词或状语的前面，这一点与汉语相同　　He was very active in class．（前置）　　他在班上很活跃前置）英语中单词作状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前　　Modern science and technology are developing rapidly．（后置）　　现代科学技术正在迅速发展前置）英语中表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置，而在汉语中一般都前置。

　　He is running fast enough（后置）　　他跑得够快的了前置）2021/5/2617l4.2．短语作状语英语中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的Seeing this，some of us became very worried．（前置）　看到这种情况，我们有些人心里很着急前置）A jeep full sped fast，drenching me in spray．（后置）一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过，溅了我一身水（后置）l英语中地点状语一般在时间状语之前，而汉语中时间状语则往往放在地点状语之前He was born in Beijing on May 20，1970．（地点在前）他是1970年5月20日在北京出生的时间在前）l英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大，而汉语中则是从大到小2021/5/26185.Inversion of sentence structurel这里，句序是指复合句中主句和从句的时间和逻辑关系叙述的顺序l5.1、时间顺序的调整1．英语复合句中，表示时间的从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，汉语中则通常先叙述先发生的事，后叙述后发生的事。

I went out for a walk after I had my dinner．（从句在主句之后）After I had my dinner，I went out for a walk．（从句在主句之前）　我吃了晚饭后我吃了晚饭后出去散步2021/5/26195.25.2、英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序的调整、英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序的调整l1．表示因果关系的英语复合句中，因果顺序灵活，在汉语中多数情况是原因在前，结果在后l　He had to stay in bed because he was ill．（后置）　 　因为他病了，他只好呆在床上前置）l2．表示条件（假设）与结果关系的英语复合句中，条件（假设）与结果的顺序也不固定，在汉语中则是条件在前，结果在后I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made．（后置）　如果安排得好，我还是希望你来前置）2021/5/2620l3．表示目的与行动关系的英语复合句中，目的与行动的顺序比较固定，多数是行动在前，目的在后，汉语也如此，但有时为了强调，也可把目的放在行动之前。

Better take your umbrella in case it rains（后置）l 最好带把伞，以防下雨后置）2021/5/2621lFormerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer. l他过去是工人，现在当工程师了他过去是工人，现在当工程师了 Practice in class2021/5/2622Translate the following sentences into ChineselSend us a message in case you have any difficulty. l有什么困难，给我们一个信有什么困难，给我们一个信 2021/5/2623Translate the following sentences into English lShe She reads reads aloud aloud in in the the open open every every morning. morning. l她每天早晨在室外高声朗读她每天早晨在室外高声朗读 2021/5/2624Translate the following sentences into English lThe meeting ended in disagreementThe meeting ended in disagreementl会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。

会议没能取得一致意见就结束了l. . 2021/5/2625Translate the following sentences into English lThey were very glad to have accepted the presents offered. l他们收下了赠送的礼物，十分高兴他们收下了赠送的礼物，十分高兴2021/5/2626Translate the following sentences into English lThe factory has a staff of 500 (people), including 200 men workers, 250 women workers and 50 cadres. l这这个个工工厂厂有有男男工工200人人, 女女工工250人人, 干干部部50人人, 共有职工共有职工500人 2021/5/2627lVery often you leave home on a bright, sunny morning and come back by lunchtime when it is pouring. l你你常常常常可可以以遇遇到到这这种种情情况况: 早早上上出出门门时时还还是是阳阳光光明明媚媚, 中中午午回回来来时时却却是是大大雨雨滂滂沱。

沱2021/5/2628Homework1.A thin and weak girl susceptible to disease, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will. 2. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.3. Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 4. I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. 5. He was one of those fellows with a settled, mature body and a young face, such as you often see among workingmen.2021/5/2629keysl她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部部催人奋进的小说。

l如果没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼，杀死我们的牛羊家畜，使我们不能在这个世界上生存 l他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上又顺利又舒服l这是我国历史上为争取自由而举行的一次最大的示威游行, 它必将载入史册, 垂之久远我今天能同你们一起参加这一游行，感到很高兴 l你经常可以在工人中见到这样一种类型的人：身子长得成熟定型了, 而面孔却是一副嫩相（但却是一脸稚气 / 而脸上却稚气未脱 / 但却长着一张娃娃脸）他就是这样的人 2021/5/2630部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！。