葡萄籽中与葡萄籽油和原花青素的提取分离工艺研究.pdf

天津大学硕士学位论文葡萄籽中葡萄籽油和原花青素的提取分离工艺研究姓名：姚方耀申请学位级别：硕士专业：化学工艺指导教师：李淑芬20040101摘 要葡萄籽中含有丰富的葡萄籽油和原花青素葡萄籽油富含对人体健康有益的不饱和脂肪酸，广泛的应用于食品、化妆品以及医药工业等领域；原花青素具有抗氧化等一系列多种生物活性，作为世界最受欢迎的十大植物药之一，已被广泛的用作药品、保健品和化妆品等因此，从酿酒过程中产生的废弃葡萄籽中提取葡萄籽油和原花青素具有重要的经济价值和社会效益本论文在课题组其他成员的研究基础上分别对超临界cO：萃取葡萄籽中葡萄籽油和原花青素的工艺进行了放大实验，并且对采用絮凝工艺进一步提高原花青素产品的质量进行了研究另外，对采用水提醇沉法从去油葡萄籽中提取原花青素也做了研究最后对采用人工神经网络模拟超临界cO萃取原花青素的研究进行了尝试实验首先采用25L超临界c0萃取设备对超临界cO：萃取葡萄籽油工艺进行了放大研究在萃取压力为30MPa、萃取温度为55C的条件下，葡萄籽油的收率为13．87％，和小试中13．51％的收率基本接近实验过程中，使用1L超临界c02萃取设备，对动态夹带剂超临界cO：萃取、静态夹带剂超临界CO。

萃取、动静结合夹带剂超临界cO萃取从葡萄籽中提取原花青素的三种工艺进行了探讨实验对静态夹带剂超临界CO,萃取原花青素的放大工艺进行了正交实验研究研究结果表明在35MPa，萃取温度为65℃时产品纯度达到95％以上，达到了出口要求，收率达到8．38％为了解决原花青素产品的水溶性问题，进一步提高产品质量，本文对原花青素租提物进行了絮凝工艺操作实验考察了药液浓度、絮凝温度、絮凝剂用量等对产品水中不溶物百分含量的影响，得出了合适的絮凝条件在该条件下，絮凝后的产品纯度保持在95％以上，并且水中不溶物的百分含量为2．81％，原花青素产品达到了水不溶物质小于5％的质量要求论文还对传统水提醇沉法从去油葡萄籽中提取原花青素的工艺进行了研究在合适的条件下，原花青素产品的水提总收率为II．13％，纯度为62，24％；经过酵沉工艺后产品回收率为73．92％，纯度上升为82．81％该实验结果为后续采用大孔树脂进～步纯化原花青素产品提供了数据论文最后建立了一个2．N一2型反向传播人工神经网络，对超临界c如萃取原花青素的结果进行了模拟模拟取得了较好的效果，在合适的隐含层节点数和训练次数下，网络训练均方根差为1．49％，单个样本相对误差最大值为3。

42％关键词：葡萄籽，葡萄籽油，原花青素．超临界c嘎萃取，絮凝，神经网络ABSTRACTGrape seeds contain quantitative grape seeds oil(GSO)and procyanidins(PCs)．GSO is rich on unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid which is used to prevent andtreat hypertension，arterioscleroses and heart disease．PCs possesses a variety ofphysiological activities such as antioxidant．It is one of the most popular herbal medicinesin the world．Consequently,it must be realistic and meaningful to seek an appropriatemethod to extract GSO and PCs from grape seeds．In this thesis，the scale—up of the supereritical fluid extraction(SFE)process forextracting GSO and PCs from grape seeds were separately studied on the basis of theprevious research results obtained by the other members of 0111"lab．Subsequently,flacculation technology was employed to better the PCs extracts’solubility in water byridding impurities in it．In addition，process for extracting PCs from grape seeds throughwater leaching and removing impurities by alcohol Was also studied．At last，theexperimental results ofthe extraction process ofPCs were simulated using artificial neuralnetwork．The process of extracting oil from grape seeds Was firstly studied using a 25LSC-C02 extraction plant．The yield of GSO in this experiment Was found to be 13．87％，which is close to 13．51％in the lab·scale experiment．Extracting procyanidins were further studied from the remains after extracting oilfrom grape seeds using the SC—C02 circulation plant wi也1L scaJe．Three kinds ofmethods for adding CO—solvent were investigated and static mode was selected forscale—up experiment．Orthogonal test was designed in order to find the suitable parameters．The experimental results show that the yield of 8．38％witll the high purity above 95％ofprocyanidins call be obtained under the investigated optimal conditions of pressure of35MPa and temperature of650C．In order to improve the quality of procyanidins and to reduce the content of waterinsoluble substances in procyunidins to the level of less than 5％．the flocculationtechnology Was employed．The influnces of flacculation temperature，concentration of theflacculant and concentration of PCs on the the yield,purity and solubility in water havebeen investigated and the optimal floeculation conditions were finally determined．Theexperimental results show that procyanidins埘th lligh purity above 95％while the contentof water insoluble substances less than 2．81％call be obtained after flocculationoperations under suitable coditions．In addition，another series of experiments to extract PCs from grape seeds throughwater leaching and removing impurities by alcohol were conducted．PCs witll the purityof 62．24％was first extracted out from grape seeds、vim the yield of 11．13％via waterleaching．Then，its purity was further improved to 82．21％with the yield of 73．92％through renloving impurities by alcoh01．These experiments provide data for thesubsequent research on the macro—resin adsorption process．At last，the results of the process for the extraction of PCs were successfullysimulated with a“2-N一2”artificial neural network．After logical training，the networkerror decreased to 1．49％and也e maximum ofsample error is 3．42％．KEY WORDS：grape seeds，grape seeds oil，procyanidins，SFE，flacculation，artificialneural network．独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得鑫盗盘堂或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。

与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意…文作一：伽弓耀…期：即严年／月罗日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解鑫壅盘鲎有关保留、使用学位论文的规定特授权墨凄态茎可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明)学位做作者躲枷方维签字日期：多∥呼砗／，月罗日导师签名 季磋／签字日期：矽护夕年≯月∥f一日天津大学硕士论文 前 言．^L—JL刖 吾随着人们对化学药物的毒副作用的认识和健康概念的转变，人类的医学模式开始由单纯的“生物医学”向“生物一心理．社会医学”模式转变，由单纯的治疗疾病向预防、保健、治疗、康复相结合的模式转变因此，“回归自然”、崇尚天然药物正在成为一种世界潮流国际医药市场上天然药物已占30％的份额，天然药物的销售额以每年15％．20％的幅度快速增长，预计到2010年将达到1000亿美元的销售规模【l】所以，天然药物的开发具有广阔的市场前景亚油酸具有防治高血压、动脉硬化、心脏病的功能，对降低胆固醇和植物性神经功能失调有明显的疗效。

葡萄籽油中富含45—72％的亚油酸和其他。