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虚拟语气88607.doc

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  • 常见问题
    • 虚拟语气一、一般虚拟条件句(If从句)If条件从句主句虚拟现在were, did(动词一般过去式)should/would/could/might + V原虚拟过去had donewould/should/could/might +have done虚拟将来did (动词过去式)should +V原were to +V原should/would/could/might + V原E.g.: If I were you, I would go with him. (虚拟现在) If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. (虚拟过去)If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you. (虚拟将来)注:如果条件状语中有were, had,情态V时, 可以倒装成:were/ had /情态动词 + 主 + 其它例:If I were you, I would try it again.→Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. →Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 二、动词wish后宾语从句,as if (as though)引导的从句中的虚拟语气从句虚拟现在were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去had done虚拟将来 Would/could/might + V原E.g.: I wish they were at home this time. (虚拟现在)I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much. (虚拟过去)I wish I might be able to come tomorrow. (虚拟将来)John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well. (虚拟现在)The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago. (虚拟过去)They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. (虚拟将来)三、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后面,其宾语从句的谓语用“(should)+V原”表示虚拟语气。

      常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, purpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order表示“主张”的:maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist例:The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.  He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 坚持要求(用虚拟语气) He insisted that he was right. 坚持说(用陈述语气)▲注意:上述动词的名词形式,demand, desire, requirment, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句,也用“(should)+V原“表示虚拟语气。

      例:The advice is that we (should) leave at once.  The idea that we (should) visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.四、在 "It is/was+adj.(或过去分词done)+that…”结构中,主语从句的谓语也用“should+V原”表虚拟语气,should 可省略 常用的形容词和过去分词有:表示“要求”的:required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable表示“建议”的:suggested, recommended 表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的:imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital表示“适当、较好”的:appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示“可能”的:probable, possible表示“命令”的:ordered例:It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.  It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.五、if only 引导的感叹句表示“要是…就好了” ,要用虚拟语气。

      从句虚拟现在were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去had done虚拟将来 Would/could/might + V原例:If only I had taken his advice. (虚拟过去)If only I were a bird. (虚拟现在)六、would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气从句虚拟现在were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去had done虚拟将来 Would/could + V原例: I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去) I would rather you came here tomorrow. (虚拟将来)I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)七、It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式或者 should+do It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.It is time that we got up/ should get up.八、without/but for/in the absence of表示“要不是”,“如果没有”表示虚拟条件时,一般要根据句子中的时间状语或者句意来判断。

      ▲对现在或将来的虚拟 谓语动词: would/ could do▲对过去的虚拟 谓语动词:would/could have done Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time this afternoon. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. He was very busy, otherwise, he would have come to the party.虚拟语气练习题:1. If you were old enough, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring3. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today. A.is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try6. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A.had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party. A.attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 9. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we ___ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will。

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