电磁搅拌净化技术.pdf
26页博博 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 金属熔体高频电磁净化的研究金属熔体高频电磁净化的研究 Research of Electromagnetic Elimination of the Molten Metal with High Frequency Magnetic Field 作 者 姓 名: 郭庆涛 学科、专业 : 材料加工工程 学 号 : 10305019 指 导 教 师: 金俊泽 教授 李廷举 教授 完 成 日 期: 2007 年 5 月 大连理工大学 Dalian University of Technology 独创性说明 作者郑重声明:本博士学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工 作及取得的成果尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论 文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得大连理工 大学或者其他单位的学位或证书所使用过的材料与我一同工作的同志对 本研究所做的贡献均已在论文中做了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
作者签名:作者签名: 日期:日期: 大连理工大学博士学位论文 - I - 摘 要 电磁净化作为一种新兴的净化技术,由于其具有的洁净、高效,以及对夹杂物的去除与密度差关系不大等特点,近年来已成为研究的热点之一外加高频磁场的电磁净化方法更因为具有施加方便等特点而成为电磁净化领域的主要研究对象 本文从电磁场的基本原理出发,建立了高频磁场电磁净化计算模型,通过离散求和的方法对电磁净化时间、效率等进行计算,依靠此模型可以分析非金属夹杂物尺寸、细管直径、金属熔体表面磁感应强度等试验参数对电磁净化时间、效率的影响,并对最佳分离频率进行了计算 结果表明: 金属熔体表面磁感应强度为 0.06T 时, 对尺寸在 10mµ的非金属夹杂物在细管中进行电磁分离, 20s 后距离表面 4mm 处的非金属夹杂物在电磁积压力的作用下可以到达熔体表面, 按照面积比计算, 净化效率可以达到 96% 而 30mµ的夹杂物在分离 5.7s 以后分离效率可以达到 99%, 100mµ的夹杂物在 0.56s 左右分离效率即可达到 99%以上当241 xfπσµ=时在熔体内某位置处的电磁体积力取得最大值;在一定范围内,频率的增加将缩短电磁分离时间,而当频率值大于241 xπσµ时,电磁分离所需的时间将增加 通过有限元计算及试验研究分析了磁感应强度的大小和施加时间长短对金属熔体流动的影响,结果表明磁感应强度越大,施加电磁场的时间越长,则细管内的金属熔体流动越剧烈;多管电磁分离的模拟结果表明,多管间的缝隙对内部的金属熔体内的磁感应强度有明显的影响,对多管电磁分离试验的结果表明利用多管进行电磁分离是可行的。
通过试验研究了高频磁场电磁净化过程中非金属夹杂物尺寸、 分离时间以及磁感应强度等对分离效果的影响 试验研究结果表明, 对铝熔体中弥散分布的直径在5~15mµ的氧化铝颗粒,依靠本试验条件很难对其实现分离,但对于铝熔体中的直径为30~200mµ的氧化铝颗粒的试验研究结果表明,当金属熔体直径在10mm,施加表面磁感应强度为0.04T的磁场1s时, 在熔体的边部就有明显的氧化铝颗粒偏聚层, 分离时间大于3s时,在铝熔体内部已经很少有直径在30mµ以上的氧化铝颗粒当金属熔体表面磁感应强度在0.06T时, 仅施加电磁场1s即可对氧化铝颗粒实现有效的电磁分离 通过试验获取了利用高频磁场分离Al-18wt%Si合金中初晶硅的最佳温度范围试验结果表明,在600~620℃时施加0.04T的高频磁场5s,可以得到较好的分离效果 郭庆涛:金属熔体高频电磁净化的研究 - II - 为了研究高频磁场电磁净化技术的实用性,本文采用泡沫陶瓷过滤器作为过滤器件, 设计了泡沫陶瓷外加高频磁场的复合连续净化试验装置 利用该装置对Al-10wt%Mg合金的连续净化结果表明,外加高频磁场磁感应强度为0T时,经过两次过滤后将合金中的氧含量从0.0009%降低为0.0004%,净化效率为55.6%;当施加0.04T的高频磁场进行净化时,合金中的氧含量从0.0014%降低为0.0003%,净化效率达到78.6%,净化效率提高了23.6%。
对含有30~200mµ的氧化铝颗粒的铝熔体的净化结果表明, 在泡沫陶瓷过滤器外施加0.04T的高频磁场时,对铝熔体中氧化铝颗粒的平均净化效率为96.9%;当施加0.06T的高频磁场时,平均净化效率为97.3%,后者比泡沫陶瓷单独净化的效率高了1.15% 本文同时针对流动状态对泡沫陶瓷过滤效率的影响进行了试验研究,结果表明紊流会明显降低泡沫陶瓷过滤器的净化效率 关键词:关键词:高频磁场;连续净化;电磁分离;净化效率;电磁力;非金属夹杂物 大连理工大学博士学位论文 - III - Research of Electromagnetic Elimination of the Molten Metal with High Frequency Magnetic Field Abstract Electromagnetic Elimination (EME), which is a new technique of purification, has become one of research focuses because of its non-pollution, high-efficiency and independence on the difference of the density between the melt and nonmetallic inclusions. High frequency magnetic field purification, which is one method of the EME, is the main study hot due to its convenient application. In this paper, a calculation model of EME with high frequency magnetic field has been set up on the base of Maxwell equations. The elimination time and efficiency can be calculated by discrete and summation. With the model, the influence of parameters, such as dimension of non-metallic inclusion, diameter of tubule, magnetic induction intensity of molten metal surface on the elimination time and efficiency can be analyzed. The best elimination frequency of the high frequency magnetic field has also been calculated. The calculation results show that when the magnetic induction intensity in the molten metal surface is 0.06T and the distance from non-metallic inclusion to the melt surface is 4mm, the non-metallic inclusions with the diameter 10mµcan be eliminated in 20s and the elimination efficiency is about 96%. The elimination efficiency with the 30mµnon-metallic inclusions is about 99% when the elimination time is 5.7s while the elimination efficiency with the 100mµnon-metallic inclusions can reach 99% in 0.56s. The electromagnetic body force in the molten metal can get the maximum value when241 xfπσµ=. With the increase of frequency, elimination time can be decreased while it increases with the frequency when the value of frequency is more than241 xπσµ. The effects of magnetic induction intensity and the acting time on the turbulence in the molten metal have been analyzed with the finite element software calculation and the experiment research. It can be seen that with the increase of magnetic induction intensity and the force time, the turbulent flow of melt becomes intense. The simulation results of electromagnetic separation with multi-tubule show that the magnetic induction intensity in the inner molten metal can be obviously affected by the width of the gap between the exterior molten metal. The experiment results also show that electromagnetic separation with multi-tubule is feasible. 郭庆涛:金属熔体高频电磁净化的研究 - IV - The influence of the diameter of the inclusion, the elimination time and magnetic induction intensity on the elimination results have been verified with the experiments. It can be seen from the experiment results that alumina inclusions with diameter 5~15mµdispersed in the molten metal can not be separated effectively on the current experiment conditions, while alumina inclusions with diameter 30~200mµin the molten aluminum can be separated 。





