2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语（一）试题英语（一）试题 Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,its a necessary condition _1_ many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your _2_,in the wrong place often carries a high _3_._4_,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good._5_ people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that _6_ pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to _7_ with one another.Scientists have found that exposure _8_ this hormone puts us in a trusting _9_:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _10_ who inhaled something else._11_ for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _12_ us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _13_ a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each _14_ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,Whats in here?before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,Wow!Each subject was then invited to look _15_.Half of them found a toy;the other half _16_ the container was emptyand realized the tester had _17_ them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were _18_ to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership._19_,only five of the 30 children paired with the _20_ tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.A.on B.like C.for D.from 2.A.faith B.concern C.attention D.interest 3.A.benefit B.debt C.hope D.price 4.A.Therefore B.Then C.Instead D.Again 5.A.Until B.Unless C.Although D.When 6.A.selects B.produces C.applies D.maintains 7.A.consult B.compete C.connect D.compare 8.A.at B.by C.of D.to 9.A.context B.mood C.period D.circle 10.A.counterparts B.substitutes C.colleagues D.supporters 11.A.Funny B.Lucky C.Odd D.Ironic 12.A.monitor B.protect C.surprise D.delight 13.A.between B.within C.toward D.over 14.A.transferred B.added C.introduced D.entrusted 15.A.out B.back C.around D.inside 16.A.discovered B.proved C.insisted D.remembered 17.A.betrayed B.wronged C.fooled D.mocked 18.A.forced B.willing C.hesitant D.entitled 19.A.In contrast B.As a result C.On the whole D.For instance 20.A.inflexible B.incapable C.unreliable D.unsuitable Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupationstrucking,financial advice,software engineeringhave aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculumsfrom grammar school to collegeshould evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income,taxes and the saf。