专题七主谓一致原则.doc

专题七 主谓一致原则 1、语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致， 即通常情况下， 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定， 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式， 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式例如： He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书人称与数（人称单复数）、具体例词、be的现在式、be的过去式、do的现在式have的现在式、一般将来时、过去将来时、一般现在时中实义动词作谓语 （1）主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响， 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时， 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致例如： Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. （2）以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。

当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时， 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物， 谓语动词用复数形式； 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)， 谓语动词需用单数形式例如： What he says and what he does do not agree. The worker and writer has come. A needle and thread was found on the floor. Truth and honesty is the best policy. 注意： 对于由and连接的并列主语， 前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时， 谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式例如： Each boy and each girl was congratulated. Every hour and every minute is important. Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. No teacher and no student is admitted. 　　［考题1］ We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)　　A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ［答案］ A　　［考题2］ The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)　　A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going ［答案］ C　　［考题3］ Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海) 　　A. work B. working C. is working D. are working ［答案］ C　　［考题4］ The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京)　　A. was B. were C. had been D. would be ［答案］ A　　［考题5］ A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. (1990)　　A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered A　　［考题6］ A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)　　A. is B. are C. was D. were ［答案］ A2、意义一致原则是指不依语法形式而侧重于依据实质意义处理主谓关系，根据主语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的形式。

1. 数词加上表“时间、 距离、 金额、 价值、 度量”等计量单位的复数名词作主语时， 在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式， 在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式例如： Twenty years is not a long time.// Twenty years have passed since he left. 2. 如果主语部分是“分数或百分数＋of＋名词/代词”， 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式例如： Only three’fifths of the work was done yesterday. Two’thirds of the earth’s surface is covered by water. In the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals. 50 percent of the students are girls in our college. 3. 表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter等与of连用构成主语时， 由of之前表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。

例如： This kind of these apples is sweet. // These kinds of apples are very sweet. 4. “a number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“大量的……”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用复数形式； “the number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“……的数量”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用单数形式例如： A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 5. each, one, much, (a) little, either, neither, another, the other等不定代词作主语时谓语动词通常为单数形式， 主语由它们所修饰时谓语动词也用单数； some, any, every, no构成的复合词(如somebody, nobody, everything, anything等)作主语时， 谓语动词用单数例如： Each of the girls/Each girl has a new hat. Neither plan suits me. // Either of the rooms is big enough. Is everybody here? // There was nothing special then. Nobody knows the answer to the question. // Someone wants to see you.注意： 若复数形式的主语与each连用， each仅位于复数形式的主语之后作同位语时， 则该主语不受each的影响， 谓语动词仍用复数形式。

例如： The old workers each have their own tools. The students each have a book. 6. both, (a) few, many, several等不定代词作主语或主语的定语时， 谓语动词通常用复数形式例如： Both (of) the films are interesting. 两部影片都有趣// Few (of the guests) were familiar to us. 没几个(客人)是我们熟悉的注意： both作同位语时通常对应于复数谓语动词， 例如： The films are both interesting. 7. what, which, who, whose等疑问代词作主语时， 根据其所指代的含义来确定谓语动词的形式(若其所指代的含义单数不明确谓语动词通常用单数形式)例如： Which is your room? // Which are your rooms? Who is your brother? // Who are League Members? 8. “half of, plenty of, the rest of, a lot of, lots of等＋名词”的形式作主语或者all, some, more, most, any, none作主语时， 要结合具体语境根据其所指代的含义来判断谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式。

例如： Half of the apple is bad. // Half of the apples are bad. A lot of money is spent on tobacco every year. A lot of things have been done by her since yesterday. All of the paint is fine. // All of the students are working hard. Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new. None of the money is mine. None of us have/has been to Xi’an. (作主语的none指代复数含义的对象时谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式， 这是需要进。