十二五规划-英文.pdf

The Formulation of China’s Major Plans and Programs 2008-2010 and onwardsa harmonious societyThe 12th five year planSupportingBACKGROUNDChina’s five year plansIn recent years, not only has the methodology of China’s plan formulation been modified, but the Key elements were also enriched to accommodate the on-going social and economic changes. For example, the Five- Year Plan for Economic Development was renamed as the Five- Year Plan for Economic and Social Development since the 6th plan period (1980-1985), and the word “plan” ,[计划] was replaced by “program” [规划] since the 11th plan period (2006-2010). Meanwhile, the planning process is becoming increasingly open and standardized.12thChina’s 11th Five year planIn China’s 11th five year plan environmental concerns, both pollution and the use of natural resources were given a central role. In many ways the 11th five year plan was probably the first major governmental planning document in the world that put the global resource constrains at the very centre of economic planning. Many of the targets where formulated in a way that made them very specific and ambitious when compared with other governments who often have very general language related to the environment in the overarching economic plans. The challenge with the 11th five year plan from an environmental perspective can be divided into two parts. First, the less planned economy resulted in a challenge to implement the over all targets. The second challenge is related to the fact that few foreign companies and foreign governments did very much to support China’s target.As China’s role in the world economy is becoming increasingly important, the need to support sustainable policies will increase. The energy efficiency targets and renewable energy target that are included in the 11th five year plan are only two examples of targets that have a global dimensions as delivery on these targets will help the global environment. Especially so as much of the energy used in the Chinese economy is used in the exporting sector and the CO2 is embedded in products that are exported to the rest of the world. Two cases as illustrationsIn order to illustrate the different plans and projects two fictive cases will be used. A. Sustainable building: Special focus on Export opportunities from solutions and equipment associated to sustainable buildings.B. Videoconferencing/Virtual meeting service: Export opportunities of sustainable ICT solutionsInformation about these two “case studies” will be collected by interviews with key stakeholders and workshops.For further information:About the study done by NDRC: Mr. Xinghua CHANG Director, Institute of Social Development Research,NDRC Cxh65989@About WWF’s work in China to support China’s 12th five year plan: Ms. Nan LITrade 2. The center of plan formulation shifted from setting growth targets to putting forward development strategies. In line with the strategies, policies are made to meet the needs of governance reform and public goods provision. For environmental protection purposes, binding targets are introduced to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emission; 3. A simple general plan is expanded to a comprehensive plan set, with special long-term plans and spatial plans playing an increasingly important role. Efforts are made to keep plans of various kinds inter-consistent and mutually complementary. 4. De-centralized decision-making is promoted to give local governments more autonomy in the formulation of local plans. 5. The planning process is changed from a closed one to an open one, with a high degree of transparency and public participation. For example, As many as 160 pre-study projects of the 11th Plan were contracted out to institutes at home and abroad. An office was set up at NDRC to collect suggestions and opinions from the public. 6. The planning process and procedures come increasingly standardized.METHODOLOGY12th National five-year plan From summer 2008 and until the time the 12th five year plan is published, WWF will run the project and develop reports and workshop in order to provide a supplementary forum for stakeholders, either from the public or private sector, to integrate and implement sustainable development into strategic planning practice and continually decrease the gap between intention and implementation in the field of natural resources and energy. As a first step WWF will publish a report that highlights the different steps in the process leading up to the final 12th year plan and where environmental concerns might be included.th th th thPre-analysis (2 years ahead of the plan period)Basis principles (year ahead of the plan period)Plan draft starts (1 year ahead of the plan period)Content detailsTarget settingDraft frameworkPlan draft completed (prior to the plan period)RevisionApprovalReviewPublication(approved by local congresses in the first year of the plan period)Evaluation (during the plan perio。