(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解及练习.doc

非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害谓语动词用单数形式宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。

表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等置于所修饰词之前注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式一、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。

二、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语宾语—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。

状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦2. 不定式作宾语① 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。

如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面如： I find it easy to read English every day. ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do...I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）但变被动语态时，必须加上to如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜4. 不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 ②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里例题 ( )1. Tom's mother told him _______ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We don't know ________ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed ________after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place________. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _______to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind ________those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. —_______ a volunteer is great. —I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.—Don't forget ______your history and politics books tomorrow morning. —Thanks. I won't. A: b。