
2025届高三英语动词不定式专题复习+课件.pptx
34页单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,高三英语语法,动词不定式,专题复习,-,1,不定式的定义与基本用法,2,不定式的时态与语态,3,不定式的特殊用法及考点解析,4,练习,5,常见错误与纠正,6,课后作业,不定式的定义与基本用法,PART 1,动词不定式的定义与基本用法,1.动词不定式的定义,不定式是一种非限定动词形式,由to+动词原形构成它具有名词、形容词和副词的特性,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语等,不定式的定义与基本用法,a.作主语,不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,将不定式放在后面例如:It takes time to learn a new language.,学习一门新语言需要时间不定式常作动词或介词的宾语如:I want to buy a new book.,我想买一本新书b.作宾语,不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前,表示目的或原因如:a book to read,一本书用来阅读,c.作定语,不定式的用法,1.不定式作主语,动词不定式作句子的主语时,通常用it 作句子的形式主语,而把不定式移到后面,形成“It+谓语+动词不定式”的句型。
如:,To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.,It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.,To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.,若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for+名词或代词”结构,或是“of+名词或代词”结构It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him.It is very kind of you to help me.,不定式的定义与基本用法,a.作主语,不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,将不定式放在后面例如:It takes time to learn a new language.,学习一门新语言需要时间不定式常作动词或介词的宾语如:I want to buy a new book.,我想买一本新书b.作宾语,不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前,表示目的或原因。
如:a book to read,一本书用来阅读,c.作定语,不定式的用法,2.不定式作宾语,“动词+带to的不定式”结构:常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford,appear,agree,ask,believe,decide,demand,desire,fail,hope,intend,learn,mean,offer,promise等如:I cant afford to buy a house.,“动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式”结构:常见动词有advise,decide,forget,know,learn,remember,see,tell,think,teach,wonder,discover,understand,guess,explain等如:She does not know how to go there.He will tell you how to deal with it.,在不定式作宾语时,有时我们会使用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面如:They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening.,(4)可以作形容词的宾语。
这一类形容词有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious等如:I”m determined to give up smoking.,不定式的定义与基本用法,a.作主语,不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,将不定式放在后面例如:It takes time to learn a new language.,学习一门新语言需要时间不定式常作动词或介词的宾语如:I want to buy a new book.,我想买一本新书b.作宾语,不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前,表示目的或原因如:a book to read,一本书用来阅读,c.作定语,不定式的用法,3,.不定式作定语,(,1,)由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class.,(,2,)不定式常作为定语修饰there be结构的真实主语在there be结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式有时用主动形式,有时用被动形式。
当说话人考虑的是必须有人完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成时,不定式则用被动形式例如:,There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work.),There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.),(,3,)有些抽象名词主要有:reason,right,time,effort,chance,way等如:the time to go to school,the way to get to the clinic,(,4,)如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.,I have something to say.,不定式的定义与基本用法,不定式作状语相当于一个状语从句,表示形为的目的、结果或原因例如:,1.,She is too weak to join us in the outing.,2.,They were surprised to be informed of the news.Im glad to hear this.,3.He stayed there to see what would happen.,d,.作状语,不定式的用法,4,.不定式作状语,表示目的。
在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语He stayed there to see what would happen.,在强调不定式目的状语时,不定式前可加in order,so as等如:,She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5:00 plane.,He moved the TV set to the meeting-room so as to let everyone watch it.,用soas to,such()as to,enough to,tooto,only to等表示结果,如:,Have you got enough room to seat all of us?,She is too weak to join us in the outing.,(3)与形容词连用时,大多表示原因这些形容词主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,angry,shocked,glad,delighted,grieved,disappointed等They were surprised to be informed of the news.Im glad to hear this.,不定式的用法,5,.不定式的省略形式,1)表示感觉的动词,五看see,notice,watch,observe,look at 三使have,let,make 二听hear,listen to 一感觉feel,He noticed the man enter the room.他注意到有人进屋了。
They observed her do the experiment.他们观察她做实验了2)help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to.,Can you help me(to)clean up after the meal?饭后你能帮我洗碗吗?,3)有些类似于情态动词的词语(如rather than,had better,would rather,might as well等)之后,不定式不带to.如:,We might as well go without him.我们可以不让他跟去Youd better go now.你最好现在走不定式的定义与基本用法,a.作主语,不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,将不定式放在后面例如:It takes time to learn a new language.,学习一门新语言需要时间不定式常作动词或介词的宾语如:I want to buy a new book.,我想买一本新书b.作宾语,不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前,表示目的或原因如:a book to read,一本书用来阅读,c.作定语,不定式的时态与语态,PART 2,不定式的时态与语态,1.不定式的时态,不定式具有时态变化,根据需要表达的不同时间点或时间段,可以使用不同的时态。
如:to be done(将要做的事),,to have done(已经完成的事),不定式的时态与语态,2.不定式的语态,不定式有主动语态和被动语态之分主动语态强调执行动作,被动语态强调承受动作例如:to be told(要被告知),to have been told,不定式的时态与语态,不定式,主动形式(否定式),被动形式,一般式,(,not,),to do,to be done,完成式,(not)to have done,to have been done,进行式,(not)to be doing,不定式的用法及考点解析,PART 3,不定式的特殊用法及考点解析,a.不定式的省略:在某些情况下,不定式中的to可以省略如:I like swimming.,(我喜欢游泳),01,b.不定式的复合结构:两个或多个不定式连在一起,构成复合结构,表达更复杂的意思如:I have nothing to do and say.,(我无话可说,无事可做),02,不定式的特殊用法及考点解析,1,a.不定式的正确使用场合:考查在不同句型中正确使用不定式的能力,如作主语、宾语、定语等,b.不定式的时态与语态辨析:考查对不定时的时态与语态的辨析能力,能否准确选择合适的时态与语态,2,不定式的特殊用法及考点解析,3,a.在独立主格中运用,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.,to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,b.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,4,不定式的特殊用法及考点解析,5,前有do后无to前无do后跟to,cannot but 不能不做.,cannot choose but+do sth 只好做.,cannot but help,不禁.,Eg:I cant but admire what she has done.我不能不钦佩她所做的,He cant choose but do it.他不得不做这件事,1.,The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _the film stars had left.,A.to tell B。
