2023版高三一轮总复习英语教案（人教版）：第2部分板块1第1讲名词和数词.pdf

第二部分DIERBUFEN语法考点突破板块一词形的变换第1讲 名 词 和 数 词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1.（2021 新 高 考 卷 I）The rolling sea of clouds yousee once you are at the top will remind you howtiny we humans（human）are.2.（2021 全 国 甲 卷）Supposedly you can do it intwo hours,but we stopped at the different gatesand watchtowers（watchtower）to take pictures orjust to watch the local people going about theirdaily routines.3.（2020 浙 江 卷）Later,they learned to work withthe seasons（season）,planting at the right timeand,in dry areas,making use of annual floods toirrigate（灌 溉）their fields.4.（2020 浙江卷月）For Japan,the numbers（number）are more striking一22 in 1950,46 todayand 53 in 2050.5.（2018 全 国 卷 I）Two of the authors of thereview also made a study published in 2014 thatshowed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of runningreduced the risk of heart disease and early deathsfrom all causes（cause）.1.给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2.给出数词的基数 词，考查其序数词。

核心语法精讲考点一名词的数 题组试做单句语法填空1.The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof)in the coldand freezing winter.2.The pianos(piano)in the other shop will be cheaper,but they are not as good.3.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves(wolf)wouldkill their farm animals or pets.4.I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street,desperately avoidingeye contact with passecs-by(passer-by).5.An ant has two stomachs(stomach).One holds the food for itself and theother is for food to be given to other ants.要点解读一 名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加-Sm apf maps；g i r l girls；house-houses；mouthf mouths以-th结尾的，力 口-smonth f months；truth f truths以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的，加-esclass-classes；boxf boxes；brushf brushes；match f matches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为i 加-escityfcities；countrycountries；partyf parties；factory factories注意：以元音字母+y 结尾的则直接加s 如 boy-boys；toy-toys二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化以“辅音字母十。

结尾的，一般加-estomato f tomatoes；potatof potatoes；h e r o heroes；N egroNegroes；mango f man goes注意：1.少数名词加-s或-es均可，如 volcano-*volcano(e)s；mosquito-,mosquito(e)s2.少数名词只加s,如pianof pianos；photophotos以“元音字母+结尾的，加-Sradio-radios；zoozoos；bamboo f bamboos以-f,-fe结尾halff halves；leaff leaves；的，通常变shelff shelves；thieff thieves；f或fe为v,w olff wolves；w ifef wives；再加-eslife-olives；knifeknives以-f,-fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v,再加-es但是也有的直接加-s,如roof-proofs；chiefchiefs；还存在有两种复数形式的，如handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将son-in-law-sons-in-law里面所含的主体passer-by f passers-by名词变成复数，story-teller-*story-tellers如果没有主体名go-betweengo-betweens词，则将最后一grown-up-*grown-ups部分变成复数变化情况例词特殊变化childf children；footf feet；考点二名词的所有格toothf teeth；mouse-mice；man-men；womanf women注意：由man或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women,如 an EnglishmantwoEnglishmen；但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌 bacterium（单数）f bacteria（复数）；资料、数据datum（单数）f data（复数）；现象 phenomenon（单数）f phenomena（复数）题组试做单句语法填空1.In addition,the hostess(hostess)cooking will guarantee you a wonderfulchance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2.The article concludes that parents(parents)education affects their children，sfuture.3.“Todays(today)story is about the success of a poor child,“the teachersaid.4.Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones(stone)throw from the railwaystation for the sake of convenience.5.Studies show that a childs(child)character is greatly influenced by his/herhome environment.要点解读名词的所有格1.有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-s。

his fathers boss他爸爸的老板2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加-s,表示其所有格todays paper今天的报纸England5 s shore英国的海岸the car，s design这辆车的设计3.在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-飞所有格a stone5 s throw 近在咫尺keep sb.at arm，s length与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷4.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-飞，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-sJane and Mary，s mother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Janes and Mary，s mothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5.双重所有格：a/two/some.+名词+o f+名词 s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物a friend of her mother s 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词 题组试做单句语法填空1.Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(five)century.2.The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth(ten)floor.3.Saturn is the second(two)biggest planet in the solar system.4.Each year,hundreds(hundred)of the animals are killed for their fur.5.r m a frequent traveller and I eat out twice(two)a day.6.It has been snowing,roughly every third(three)day,fbr as long as T ve hadthe flu.要点解读一 基数词和序数词1.表数量的数词叫基数词，如one,two,three.2.表顺序的数词叫序数词，如 first,second,third,fourth,fifth.二 基数词变序数词的规则1.一二三要单独记：onef first,two f second,three f third2.th 要从四加起：four f fourth,five f fifth.3.eight 少个 t：eight eighth4.nine 删除 e：nine f ninth5.ve 用 f 来代替：five f fifth,twelve f twelfth6.ty 变成 tie：twenty f twentieth三、序数词的使用1.序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。

Monday is the second day of a week.星期一是一周的第二天2.序数词前有时加不定冠词，表 示“又一、再 一 ，相当于anotherWould you like a second cup of tea?你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我（吃了两个苹果后）又吃了一个苹果3.first,second等有时可表示一批人或物The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1,分母用复数1/3:one third；2/5:two fifths。