外文翻译--切削液的绿色设计及应用.doc

附 录1 英文原文THE GREEN DESIGN AND THE APPLICATION OF CUTTING FLUIDABSTRACTCutting fluids are the important assist materials for machining. However; as applying cutting fluids as also brings about several environment problems. In order to realize green manufacturing, study on the green design and green application of the cutting fluids will be most effective way. The green design of fluids is design for the environment protection. It contains that the water-soluble cutting fluids will go instead of cutting oils, the vegetable oils and synthetic ester are substituted for mineral oil and the green additives are developed. The green application demands the cutting fluids doesn’t harm operator and the pollution of environment is the lowest in metal cutting. The concrete step is to strengthen the cutting fluids management and safeguard, to spread the concentrated cooling and lubricating systems, to use the protecting device and to adopt the sealing cutting. Moreover, the new technologies of disposing waster cutting fluids will be widely spreaded and developed.1 INTRODUCTIONAs developing industry leads to new material civilization it also brings about several environment problems. With the pollution more serious these problems of environment and natural resources have been generally realized. Consequently, many national governments have proclaimed a lot of mainstay of creating the wealth of the society; mechanical manufacturing industries are also the main source of the environment pollution. How to decrease or eliminate the manufacturing pollution becomes a new subject. Then, the green manufacturing is the important part of the sustained development strategy and is the modern manufacturing model of overall considering environment protection and natural resources utilization ratio. Seeking for the aim is that influence of products on environment pollution is the least and resource utilization ratio is the highest during the whole period from designing and manufacturing and using to scrapping of products.It is considered that the machining will have occupying the mechanical working amount over ninety percent in the 21st century. Cutting fluids are the important assist materials for machining. Applying cutting fluid rationally can markedly improve the machining quality and productivity; reduce the tool wear and the machining costs. In consequence, the cutting fluids are widely applied in the machining. With man’s environment protection consciousness enhanced, reverse influence of applying cutting fluids was clearly recognized. The harm of cutting fluids is as follows: (1) endangering man’s health. In as mach as cutting fluids include chemical ingredient pernicious to man’s health, in applying the cutting fluids they made operators be harmed perhaps. Because of operators directly touching the cutting fluids, many kinds of skin disease may be caused to happen. Moreover, high temperature producing in the metal cutting fluid be heated, so that forming the vapor and the smell, may make operator’s respiratory tract and lung disease be infected. (2) Environment pollution. In metal cutting the leak and the spill over of the cutting fluids may pollute environment and affect safe production. To drain waste cutting fluids which were not disposed or didn’t achieve the drain standard, considerably pollutes lend, river and lake and seriously influence the growth of animal and plant, and ecological environment and ecological balance were destroyed. Then, the cutting fluids are environment pollution resources in the machining. The way of realizing green manufacturing is to adopt dry cut and to develop a new type cutting fluids good for environment. The dry cut doesn’t apply cutting fluids in the machining, but tools’ life is shortened, for the machining condition is bad the production costs is increased, the production efficiency is reduced and the surface quality machined worsened. Consequently, to develop green cutting fluid will benefit the machining and is an urgent task also. We hope the cutting fluid has the following properties: (1) Harmless for operators and environment. (2) Excellent cooling, lubrication, rust protection and cleaning ability. (3) The waste cutting fluid was disposed easily.In the following the green design and the green application of the cutting fluid will be considered.2 THE GREEN DESIGN OF THE CUTTING FLUIDSThe tradition design only considers the quality and cost so that it do harm to the operator and the environmental pollution and waste the resources, hampering the sustained development. The green design of the cutting fluid goes round the environment protection, and obeys following rules. (1) Nontoxic. This is most important. The green cutting fluid didn’t contain the additives pernicious to man’s health and to environment protection, and its ingredients were biologically dissociated and the waste fluid was easily disposed. (2) High function. The green cutting fluid possesses excel。