雅思大作文十大话题词汇范文.ppt

Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 1.教育类教育类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•theoretical •Practical •nurture •Physical •Psychological •Intelligence •Intellectual •Motivate •Qualify •Talent •Curriculum •Discipline •Subject •Team spirit•All-rounded 理论的理论的实用的实用的培养培养 身体上的身体上的心理上的心理上的智力智力智力的智力的激发激发使具有资格使具有资格天赋天赋课程课程纪律纪律学科学科团队精神团队精神全面的全面的⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇Promote the students’ physical & mental development Psychological wellbeing TalentSchoolingParentingGive the students motivation to do sthYoungstersImpart knowledgeInstill high moral valuesGive the students inspirationAdapt to sthAdaptabilityEmployable skillsLearn things by roteExtinguish creativity促进学生身心发展促进学生身心发展心理健康心理健康学习能力学习能力学校教育学校教育家庭教育家庭教育给学生动力给学生动力青少年青少年传授知识传授知识灌输高尚道德观灌输高尚道德观给学生灵感给学生灵感适应适应适应能力适应能力就业技能就业技能死记硬背死记硬背限制创造力发展限制创造力发展 写作框架写作框架第一段：第一段：1. Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about--2.However,whether… is a controversial issue. 3.My view is that…….第二段第二段: 4. To begin with, it is apparent that… (第一原因，第一原因， 中心句中心句) 5.This means that---（进一步阐述理由）（进一步阐述理由） 6.so…第三段：第三段：7.Moreover,…(第二原因第二原因,中心句中心句) 8.For example… 9. In addition…进一步例证解释说明进一步例证解释说明.第四段第四段: 10.That is not to say that…并不完全否定反方观点并不完全否定反方观点; 11. Of course… 承认反方观点合理性承认反方观点合理性. 12.But…驳斥驳斥 反方观点不合理性反方观点不合理性.第五段第五段: 13. In sum… 14.It is strongly advised that…WRITING TASK 2Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?Sample EssayNowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose that university education serves. However, whether they should mainly provide job-related skills or pure knowledge to graduates has caused heated debate. My view is that practical skills should be the main focus of universities.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Sample Essay 1In the first place, it is clear that for most students, the purpose of receiving university education is to obtain specific knowledge and skills, which will enable them to become qualified employees in the future job market. This is because most of them, after graduation, will enter workplace, earn their living, and raise their own families. So universities, as service providers, have to give top priority to these customers’ real needs.Paragraph 2Body - First Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1Moreover, focusing on the job-related skills can benefit the university itself. For example, the science fiction blockbuster” Avatar” has marked a milestone in the filmmaking industry and sparked massive interest in 3D technology. If a university can quickly respond, and consolidate teaching resources to offer courses regarding 3D, not only will its graduates be more competitive in the near future, but the university itself will keep pace with the modern technological development and move forward.Paragraph 3Body - Second Reason Transitional Phrase连接词连接词Topic Sentence中心句中心句Supporting Sentences支持句支持句Sample Essay 1However, that is not to say that universities should not pay nay attention to pure scientific research. There are, of course, students interested in theoretical knowledge such as math and philosophy, and will later become scientists and scholars who will make greater contributions to our society. But unfortunately these people are relatively few.Paragraph 4Body - Third Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1In sum, the major function of universities should be providing students job-related skills, guaranteeing high rate of employment, and thus making the society function well. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the other important roles universities are undertaking. Only by doing so can universities maintain dynamic and sustainable development.Paragraph 5Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendation 1.教育类教育类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 2.环境类环境类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文 2.环境类环境类常见环境问题：常见环境问题： 1.气候变化，全球变暖气候变化，全球变暖;2.空气污染，垃圾增多空气污染，垃圾增多;3.能源危机能源危机,水资源缺乏水资源缺乏,森林减少森林减少;4.自然灾害自然灾害,酸雨酸雨,沙尘暴沙尘暴,干旱，水灾干旱，水灾;•Climate change, global warming;•Air contamination, increase of rubbish/garbage;•Energy crisis, water scarcity, deforestation;•Natural disasters, acid rain, sand storm, drought, flood; 2.环境类环境类环境问题根本原因：环境问题根本原因： 1.人口增长人口增长;2.工业发展工业发展;3.过度城市化过度城市化;4.长期的人类活动长期的人类活动;•population expansion;•industrial development;•excessive urbanization•long-term human activities; 2.环境类环境类有效的解决方法：有效的解决方法： 1.世界方面世界方面: 全球合作全球合作, 达成共识达成共识, 制定环保国际标准制定环保国际标准;2.政府方面政府方面: 制定环保政策制定环保政策, 鼓励低碳经济发展鼓励低碳经济发展;3.科技方面科技方面: 大力开发可再生的大力开发可再生的, 清洁的新能源清洁的新能源,投资研发节能科技投资研发节能科技;4.公司方面公司方面:应推出环保产品应推出环保产品,引领大众绿色消费习惯引领大众绿色消费习惯;5.个人方面个人方面:提升环保意识提升环保意识,倡导低碳生活方式倡导低碳生活方式;1. Global cooperation, reach the agreement, set international standards for environment protection;2. Make laws, encourage low-carbon economy;3. Exploit renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies;4. Promote environmental-friendly products, lead green consuming habits5. Raise public’s green awareness, encourage low-carbon lifestyle 2.环境类环境类 真题回顾真题回顾⑴⑴ Some industrialized countries have serious environmental problems. The damage to the environment is an inevitable result when a country tends to improve the standard of living. To what extent do you agree or disagree?⑵⑵Environmental problems are serious in many countries. It means that the only possible way to protect the environmentis at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree on the hypothesis? 2.环境类环境类 真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶ The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?⑷⑷Long distance flights use more fuel than cars and pollute the environment. We should discourage non-essential flights instead of limiting the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2.环境类环境类 真题回顾真题回顾⑸⑸Many people believe that the human society has developed into a throw-away society, which is filled with plastic bags and rubbish. What are the causes and solutions?⑹⑹Water resources around the world are falling deficient. Analyze the possible reasons and provide your suggestions. 2.环境类环境类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文 2.环境类环境类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•Low carbon •Green •Environmental-friendly •Ecosystem •Environmental protection •Preserve •Sustainable development •Deplete natural resources •Discharge pollutants into the environment•Greenhouse effect •Global warming •Discharge •Toxic低碳低碳环保的环保的环保的环保的生态系统生态系统环境保护环境保护保护保护可持续发展可持续发展耗尽自然资源耗尽自然资源排放污染物排放污染物温室效应温室效应全球变暖全球变暖排放排放有毒的有毒的 ⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇Contaminate degrade /deteriorate Shortage Lack Deficiency Fight climate change Improve air qualityConserve energyRenewable energies such as wind, hydro and solar powersAvoid using throw-away productsEco-friendly alternatives / substitutions /replacements Consume less and recycle more污染污染恶化恶化短缺短缺缺乏缺乏缺乏缺乏, 不足不足抑制气候变化抑制气候变化改善空气质量改善空气质量节约能源节约能源可再生能源可再生能源, 例如风例如风能能,水能水能 和太阳能和太阳能.避免使用一次性产品避免使用一次性产品生态友好的替代品生态友好的替代品少消耗多回收少消耗多回收  2.环境类环境类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文WRITING TASK 2Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment; only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what do you agree or disagree?Sample Essay It is interestingly clear that humanity has strained and damaged the natural environment. We have nearly exhausted many natural resources and left a big carton footprint on a fragile planet. While governments must no doubt create eco-friendly policy and do their part to bring about change, we as individuals have a crucial role to play as well.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Sample Essay 1To begin with, in any ecosystem, all the parts are connected. The food we eat, the type of transport we choose, the way we consume and how much we consume as individuals all have a direct impact on the environment. Our individual habits might seem insignificant from our perspective, but at the macro level they add up in a big way.Paragraph 2Body - First Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1Moreover, while seemingly powerless, individuals can actually do a lot to make a difference. We can drive hybrid cars, conserve electricity and water, buy local organic food and support environmental friendly brands. These are sustainable practices that can create a ripple effect.Paragraph 3Body - Second Reason Transitional Phrase连接词连接词Topic Sentence中心句中心句Supporting Sentences支持句支持句Sample Essay 1However, that is not to say that governments and large companies should not carry their weight. By encouraging “green” business and creating incentives for good resource management and responsible consumption, they can help lead the way. Consider, for example, how US President Obama’s words and plans about a “green economy” have led to signs of renewed economic optimism in America. Governments can set the tone for change and do a lot to harness individual good will and momnetum.Paragraph 4Body - Third Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1To sum up, both individuals and governments as well as large companies must work together if we are to fix the environment. This is a problem that affects us all, individually and collectively; its solution must therefore involve us all.Paragraph 5Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendation 2.环境类环境类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 3.科技类科技类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇TransformBreakthroughAdvanceA staggering rateInformation overloadEnhance/ boostInnovationsTelecommunicationsproductive改变改变突破突破发展发展惊人的速度惊人的速度信息爆炸信息爆炸提高提高创新创新远程通讯远程通讯高生产率的高生产率的 3.科技类科技类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文WRITING TASK 2The Internet has dramatically altered our lives over the past few decades. Although some of these changes have been negative, the overall effect of this technology has been positive. What are your opinions on this?Sample Essay The Internet has brought significant changes to our lives in recent years. However, there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of this technology has been positive or negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the contrary, I personally believe that the benefits of the Internet far outweigh its drawbacks and these benefits are twofold.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Sample Essay 1First of all, it is an indisputable fact that the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. Despite the risk of social isolation-a problem occasionally seen in people who spend too much time at their computer terminal rather than relating to people in the real world-most of us have benefited greatly from e-mails and Internet chat programs like MSN Messenger. These incredibly useful and powerful tools of communication facilitate both contact with loved ones in faraway places and global trade.Paragraph 2Body - First Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1Moreover, the Internet has placed the entire world (and all of the information in it) at our fingertips. In earlier times, conducting research entailed long hours searching library shelves. Now, however, the same information can be accessed at the click of a button. Admittedly, not all of the information available on the Internet is reliable or helpful-there is a vast amount of material online that some would consider offensive or dangerous, ranging from pornography to instructions on how to make bombs. Nonetheless, I would contend that this free flow of information has generally been a very positive development.Paragraph 3Body - Second Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1By way of conclusion, I once again reaffirm my position that the Internet has had a positive impact on modern life because of its influences on communication and the flow of information.Paragraph 4Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendationTen Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 6.政府类政府类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•Priority•Stability•Establish•Solve/ tackle/ address•Alleviate•Invest in/ allocate money to•The authorities•Ban/ forbid•Monitor•Administer•Tax revenue•Democratic•demand首要任务首要任务稳定稳定建立建立解决解决缓解缓解对对…投资投资当局当局禁止禁止监督监督管理管理税收税收民主的民主的需求需求 ⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇CitizensImplementLegislate/ make lawsStrictly prohibitStringent lawsThe government spendingPriorityGive priority to sthResponsibilitySelf- defenseNational securityA democratic and progressive government老百姓老百姓实施实施立法立法严禁严禁严格的法律严格的法律政府开支政府开支当务之急当务之急把把..当做当务之急当做当务之急责任责任自我防卫自我防卫国土安全国土安全明主开明的政府明主开明的政府 6.政府类政府类⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文WRITING TASK 2Smoking is a major cause of serious illness and death throughout the world today. In the interest of public health, governments should ban cigarettes and other tobacco products.Do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Sample Essay There are widely different views on the issue of whether tobacco should be banned or not. Some people would suggest that it is their right to smoke and that prohibiting cigarettes would be a violation of their civil liberties; however, I personally believe that tobacco should indeed be made illegal. There are two principal reasons for this.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Sample Essay 1The first point which I believe to be absolutely pivotalis the fact that tobacco is a drug. The majority of governments around the world take a prohibitionist approach to the problem of substance abuse. If governments wish to be consistent in pursuing their “war on drugs” , therefore, I believe they must ban tobacco as well. This is particularly so given the fact that many currently illicit drugs-including heroin and marijuana-have legitimate medical applications, which tobacco has none.Paragraph 2Body - First Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1However, perhaps the strongest argument in favor of banning cigarettes and other tobacco products is that ofpublic health. It is an irrefutable fact that smoking leads to lung cancer and other such potentially fatal diseases. Pro-smoking groups would no doubt argue that each individual has the right to determine what goes into his/ her own body. Nevertheless, I would suggest that the interests and rights of society at large must override those incredibly costly, and it is frequently governments and society that cover these costs rather than the individual smoker. Hence, I feel that laws prohibiting smoking would be entirely justified.Paragraph 3Body - Second Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1In reality, of course, the widespread prohibition of smoking is unlikely in the near future. However, given the seriousness of the problems that it causes, I believe that this should be the ultimate goal.Paragraph 4Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendationTen Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 6.家庭类家庭类⑴⑴老人老人⑵⑵儿童儿童⑶⑶妇女妇女⑷⑷工作工作 老人老人⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•Silver tsunami•Twilight life •Age •Elderly •Senior •Demographics •Retirement •Pension •Volunteer •Expert 银发危机银发危机晚年晚年变老变老老年的老年的年长的年长的人口统计状况人口统计状况退休退休养老金养老金,退休金退休金志愿者志愿者专家专家  老人老人⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑷⑷高分范文高分范文WRITING TASK 2In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on society?Sample Essay In more and more developed countries we see the following trends: incomes rise, people get married later and have fewer kids. The result is the demographics change and the population ages. While having more old people sounds like a good thing (as they tend to be kind and warm-hearted), it can have a serious impact on economies and societies.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Sample Essay 1Consider, for example, that in order for a country’s GDP to grow it needs to produce more goods and services each year. With an aging population and more people retiring, fewer are left to work, creating an economic hole. The result is that such countries have to rely on immigration to fill the gap and this is a less-than-desirable solution. Paragraph 2Body - First Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1Consider also, that as more people reach their twilight years they will face increasing health problems and this puts huge pressure on health care and other social programs. In most countries the government pays for at least some of the costs of health care, not to mention things like pensions, all of which means a big bill someone has to pay for.Paragraph 3Body - Second Reason Transitional Phrase连接词连接词Topic Sentence中心句中心句Supporting Sentences支持句支持句Sample Essay 1To be fair, however, we should be careful not to direct our anger towards old people themselves. Old people can still make contributions to society, whether it means helping look after grandchildren, working part time or even doing voluntary work. On an individual level, old people can be a real treasure.Paragraph 4Body - Third Reason Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1To sum up, governments should recognize the challenges of an aging society and take the appropriate action. But in addition to fixing the short-term impact of an older society, they should also look at the bigger picture and do their best so that in the future we have a better age balance.Paragraph 5Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendation 6.家庭类家庭类⑴⑴老人老人⑵⑵儿童儿童⑶⑶妇女妇女⑷⑷工作工作⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•Impressionable•Vulnerable•Addictive•Curious•Imitate•Naughty•Discipline•Outdoor activity•Couch potato•Grow up容易受影响的容易受影响的易受伤的易受伤的上瘾的上瘾的好奇的好奇的模仿模仿顽皮的顽皮的纪律纪律户外运动户外运动电视迷电视迷长大长大  6.家庭类家庭类⑴⑴老人老人⑵⑵儿童儿童⑶⑶妇女妇女⑷⑷工作工作 妇女妇女⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•gender•Sex discrimination•Sex harassment•Patient•Aggressive•Gossip•Housewife•Pregnant•Child bearing•Child rearing性别性别性别歧视性别歧视性骚扰性骚扰耐心的耐心的好斗的好斗的闲聊闲聊家庭主妇家庭主妇怀孕的怀孕的生育孩子生育孩子养育孩子养育孩子 妇女妇女⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 6.家庭类家庭类⑴⑴老人老人⑵⑵儿童儿童⑶⑶妇女妇女⑷⑷工作与家庭工作与家庭⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•workaholic•Career path•Lifestyle•stress•colleague•Intense/fierce/keen competition•Fast-paced•Fatigue •Workplace •工作狂工作狂职业道路职业道路生活方式生活方式压力压力同事同事激烈的竞争激烈的竞争快速的快速的疲劳疲劳职场职场WRITING TASK 2With divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today are not close as they used to be.Discuss the causes of this problem and offer some possible solutions to it.Sample Essay Divorce and family breakdown were virtually unheard of just 100 years ago. Now, however, almost half of all marriages fail. This phenomenon is symptomatic of the growing distance between family members in modern society. In this essay, I intend to explore the sources of this problem along with some possible solutions to it.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Chief among the causes of this problem is the modern lifestyle. Today’s parents have to work harder than those of previous generations to support their families. Traditionally, one parent assumed the role of breadwinner, while the other-typically the mother-acted as the homemaker. Recently, though, double income families have become the norm. Consequently, an increasing number of children now grow up in a parentless environment. Little wonder, then, that they feel alienated. Another contributing factor is the passive and solitary nature of many modern forms of entertainment.Paragraph 2Body -ReasonsTransitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesIn order to solve this sense of alienation within families, I believe we must first address its root causes. Perhaps the most effective method of doing this would be for governments to offer financial incentives to parents who choose to remain at home and take care of their families. Admittedly, such incentives would probably not fully compensate couples for lost income; however, they would at least soften the hardship of living on a single income and provide an alternative for parents who would rather remain at home but are unable to do so because of financial constraints. One further measure would be to promote more interactive leisure activities in the community through public education campaigns.Paragraph 3Body - solutionsTransitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1In conclusion, I believe that this is clearly a problem of such complexity that no solution is likely in the short term. However, I believe that the measures outlined above would constitute a good first step.Paragraph 4Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendation 6.家庭类家庭类⑴⑴老人老人⑵⑵儿童儿童⑶⑶妇女妇女⑷⑷工作与家庭工作与家庭例题分析例题分析 newTask 2 真题分析真题分析As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction of all workers?Brainstorming其中其中” job satisfaction”指指“工作满意度工作满意度”, element是是“成份成份”,factor是是“因素因素”, realistic 是是“现实的现实的”.分析：第一个问题问的是有哪些因素会影响员工的工作满意度呢？分析：第一个问题问的是有哪些因素会影响员工的工作满意度呢？第二个问题本质是问从现实情况说说每个员工都对工作满意是否现第二个问题本质是问从现实情况说说每个员工都对工作满意是否现实？两个问题可以分别在两个主题段里回答实？两个问题可以分别在两个主题段里回答.影响员工满意度的因素可以从影响员工满意度的因素可以从 efficiency, soul (stress),rights, environment, health, competition, money等很多方面中选择论等很多方面中选择论述；述；而雇主可以为改善员工满意度所做的事情可以通过而雇主可以为改善员工满意度所做的事情可以通过 responsibility, money, space, fun, culture (corporate culture 企业文化企业文化) 等等方面瞬间搞定方面瞬间搞定.Sample EssayNowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入入题题Writer’s view观观点点Sample Essay 1Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progression and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.Paragraph 2Body 1Transitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1Furthermore, not everyone enjoys their work obviously. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labor relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.Paragraph 3Body - Second PointTransitional Phrase连连接接词词Topic Sentence中心句中心句Supporting Sentences支持句支持句Sample EssayHowever, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job. If the factors identified above are implemented, then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.Paragraph 4Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendationSample Essay - overviewIntroductionPara 4Para 1Para 2Para 3BodyConclusionTen Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 7.犯罪犯罪⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•criminal•Innocent•Jail•Juvenile delinquency•Preventive measure•Offender•Punish•Commit a crime•Threat to public safety•Deterrent effect罪犯罪犯清白的清白的监狱监狱青少年犯罪青少年犯罪预防措施预防措施违法者违法者惩罚惩罚犯罪犯罪威胁公共安全威胁公共安全威慑作用威慑作用 7.犯罪犯罪⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 7.动物动物⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇• preserve•Cruel/ inhuman/ brutal•biodiversity•companions•Endangered species•Animal right activists•Medical research•Alleviate / relieve animals’ pain•Drug research•Medical technology保护保护残酷的残酷的生物多样性生物多样性伙伴伙伴濒危动物濒危动物动物权益保护主义者动物权益保护主义者医学研究医学研究减轻动物的痛苦减轻动物的痛苦药物研发药物研发医疗技术医疗技术WRITING TASK 2Trying to save endangered animal species from extinction is a waste of valuable resources.Do you agree or disagree?Sample EssayThe issue of whether we should attempt to save endangered species from extinction or not is certainly a contentious one. Despite the arguments of some people that such animals serve no useful purpose and should be allowed to die out just as many others (including the dinosaurs) have in the past, it is my personal belief that they should in fact be preserved. Two of the principal reasons for this are as follows.Paragraph 1Introduction Background information背景背景Specific issue入题入题Writer’s view观点观点Firstly, it is vital that we appreciate the importance of endangered species in maintaining the balance of nature. Ecosystems are delicate arrangements where plants and animals all depend on each other for survival. The disappearance or introduction of any animal species disrupts the balance and negatively impacts upon other plants and animals by breaking the food chain and altering the habitat in which they live. Such imbalances frequently return to haunt us in unexpected ways. Just as rabbits that were introduced to Australia soon after European settlement now compete with native species for food and destroy farmers’ crops, the extinction of a predator can cause plagues by allowing its prey to multiply unchecked. Therefore, since ecological change constitutes a potential risk to us and our environment, it is clearly in our own interests to protect endangered species.Paragraph 2Body -ReasonsTransitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesYet, perhaps the strongest argument in favor of preserving endangered species is that all life has intrinsic value; even if endangered species are not useful to us in any practical way they should be preserved nevertheless. Further, given that we humans are responsible for destroying the natural habitat of many endangered animals, we should make every possible effort to save them.Paragraph 3Body - ReasonsTransitional PhraseTopic SentenceSupporting SentencesSample Essay 1In conclusion, I once again restate my view that saving endangered species is worthwhile. Not only do they help to maintain the balance of nature, but they also have value in themselves.Paragraph 4Conclusion restatement of writer’s viewcomment or recommendation例题分析例题分析 new Sample Task 2 TopicSome people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel and should not be allowed under any circumstance.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Sample Essay 1Without animal testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, some people believe that it’s too cruel to use animals for testing medical techniques and drugs. In their opinion, animal experimentation should be completely forbidden. I do not agree with them. Paragraph 1Sample Essay 1Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or rabbits have similar physical processes to humans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certain drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use. Paragraph 2Sample Essay 1Moreover, animal testing is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals such as mice are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing in humans would be extremely high.Paragraph 3Sample Essay 1Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. Admittedly, in some cases this is true. Some of the tests certainly seem painful, but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals? Furthermore, animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans, and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals, since this would damage their research. Paragraph 4Sample Essay 1In conclusion, animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to manage the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that comes from them. Paragraph 5Sample Essay 1 - overviewHumans use animals for experiments. I think animal testing should be allowed. Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs…. Animal testing is cheap...Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified….In conclusion, animal testing is needed…Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs….Animal testing is cheap...Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified….In conclusion, animal testing is needed…Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Writer’s opinionSample Essay 1 - structure1st reason to support opinionAnimal testing is cheap...Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified….In conclusion, animal testing is needed…Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Writer’s opinionSample Essay 1 - structure1st reason to support opinionMany people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified….In conclusion, animal testing is needed…Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Writer’s opinion2nd reason to support opinionSample Essay 1 - structure1st reason to support opinionIn conclusion, animal testing is needed…Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Writer’s opinion2nd reason to support opinion3rd reason by refuting the opposite viewSample Essay 1 - structure1st reason to support opinionPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Writer’s opinion2nd reason to support opinion3rd reason by refuting the opposite viewRestate writer’s opinionSample Essay 1 - structure1st reason to support opinionPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Introduction2nd reason to support opinion3rd reason by refuting the opposite viewRestate writer’s opinionSample Essay 1 - structurePara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 IntroductionRestate writer’s opinionBodySample Essay 1 - structureSample Essay 1Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 IntroductionConclusionBodyFor (animal testing)ForFor单边支持单边支持Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 7.媒体媒体⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•prevalent•objective•biased•celebrity•journalists•The press•coverage•misleading•dependable•Up-to-the-minute无处不在的无处不在的客观的客观的不客观的不客观的名人名人记者记者新闻界新闻界报道报道有误导性的有误导性的可靠的可靠的非常及时的非常及时的 7.媒体媒体⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 4.媒体媒体&广告广告⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•commercial•Public service advertising•advertiser•Marketing tool•shopaholic•stimulate•promotion•Target audience•Purchase decision商业广告商业广告公益广告公益广告登广告者登广告者市场营销手段市场营销手段购物狂购物狂刺激刺激促销促销目标受众目标受众购买决定购买决定 4.媒体媒体&广告广告⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 7.语言语言&文化文化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇The proliferation of…Plays a dominant role in…Go extinctLesser-known languagesThe widespread use ofA universal/ global languageThe proliferation of EnglishThe dominant role of EnglishDialectLesser-known languages will become extinctThe extinction of lesser-known language…的大量扩散的大量扩散在在…占统治地位占统治地位灭绝灭绝小语种小语种…的广泛使用的广泛使用一种可通用的语言一种可通用的语言英语的广泛使用英语的广泛使用英语的统治地位英语的统治地位方言方言小语种将会消亡小语种将会消亡小语种的灭亡小语种的灭亡 7.语言语言&文化文化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 10.发展发展&全球化全球化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 10.发展发展经济发展和城市化的好处：经济发展和城市化的好处：1.就业机会多就业机会多, 收入高收入高;2.交通交通, 教育教育, 医疗医疗, 娱乐等基础设施完善；娱乐等基础设施完善；•More employment opportunities, higher income;•Better living conditions and infrastructures;经济发展和城市化的坏处：经济发展和城市化的坏处：1.加大贫富差距加大贫富差距;2.以破坏环境为代价以破坏环境为代价;1.Widen the gap between the rich and the poor;2.At the cost of environment; 10.发展发展&全球化全球化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 发展发展 真题回顾真题回顾 ⑴⑴ Some findings have revealed that cities around the world are growing large. Could you outline the possible causes and predict consequences? ⑵⑵ Many people believe that economic progress is one way to measure the success of a country, while some people think there are other factors. What is your opinion? ⑶⑶Some people hold the belief that urbanization brings many advantages, while others think that it certainly brings more disadvantages. What is your opinion? 10.发展发展&全球化全球化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 10.全球化全球化全球化全球化& 多元文化多元文化 优点：优点：1.必然的必然的, 不可逆转的趋势不可逆转的趋势;2.提升人们的生活质量；提升人们的生活质量；3.促进经济发展；促进经济发展；4.加强了不同文化之间的相互沟通、理解和尊重加强了不同文化之间的相互沟通、理解和尊重;5.移民语言障碍移民语言障碍, 文化冲突文化冲突;6.歧视、宗教矛盾、公共治安问题歧视、宗教矛盾、公共治安问题;•Inevitable and irreversible trend;•Improve people’s living standard;•Boost economic development;•Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures;5.Immigrants’ language barrier, culture shock;6.Discrimination; religious conflict; public order issues; 全球化全球化 真题回顾真题回顾 ⑴⑴ Multicultural societies, which are a mixture of different ethnic groups, bring more benefits than drawbacks for a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this conclusion? ⑵⑵ Some people think that increasing business and cultural contacts worldwide have positive influences on development; others think that they have more negative effects. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 10.发展发展&全球化全球化⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization 6.日常生活日常生活⑴⑴衣衣⑵⑵食食⑶⑶住住⑷⑷行行⑸⑸娱乐娱乐 衣衣⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•popularity•option•Vogue/ fad•Gorgeous•Dress parade•Superficial•peacockery •confident普及、流行普及、流行选项选项时尚时尚华丽的华丽的时装表演时装表演表面的、肤浅的表面的、肤浅的虚荣虚荣自信的自信的 衣衣⑴⑴万能思路万能思路⑵⑵真题回顾真题回顾⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇 6.日常生活日常生活⑴⑴衣衣⑵⑵食食⑶⑶住住⑷⑷行行⑸⑸娱乐娱乐⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•diversity•Nutritious•Meal•Unhealthy•high-fat•Obese•Recipe•Calorie•Home cooking多样性多样性营养的营养的一餐一餐不健康的不健康的高脂肪的高脂肪的肥胖的肥胖的食谱食谱卡路里卡路里家中做饭家中做饭 6.日常生活日常生活⑴⑴衣衣⑵⑵食食⑶⑶住住⑷⑷行行⑸⑸娱乐娱乐⑶⑶核心词汇核心词汇•architecture•esthetics•User-friendly•comfortable•skyscraper•Apartment/ flat•urbanization建筑物建筑物美学美学方便用户的方便用户的舒适的舒适的摩天大楼摩天大楼公寓公寓城市化城市化 6.日常生活日常生活⑴⑴衣衣⑵⑵食食⑶⑶住住⑷⑷行行⑸⑸娱乐娱乐 行行万能思路：万能思路：1.开阔眼界开阔眼界, 增长见识增长见识,学习当地文化学习当地文化;2.带动旅游城市经济发展带动旅游城市经济发展: 酒店、饭店和航空酒店、饭店和航空,增加当地居民收入增加当地居民收入;3.促进交流、增进理解促进交流、增进理解;4.给当地环境带来巨大压力，环境污染给当地环境带来巨大压力，环境污染;5.文化差异可能引起误解、冲突文化差异可能引起误解、冲突;6.城市或国家经济发展要平衡城市或国家经济发展要平衡,不能过度依赖旅游业不能过度依赖旅游业;1.Broaden one’s horizon; enrich one’s experience & knowledge2.Boost local economy; hotels, restaurants, air industry;3.Promote communication, reinforce understanding;4.Place a heavy burden on local environment; contamination;5.Cultural differences would cause misunderstand/ conflicts6.Should not be over-dependent on tourist industry, balanced economic development 行行 真题回顾真题回顾 International travel is becoming cheaper, and countries are opening their doors to more and more tourists. Do the advantages of increased tourism outweigh its disadvantages?  6.日常生活日常生活⑴⑴衣衣⑵⑵食食⑶⑶住住⑷⑷行行⑸⑸娱乐娱乐 娱乐、艺术娱乐、艺术万能思路：万能思路：1.艺术是文化的一部分艺术是文化的一部分, 在不同的社会有不同的形式；而科学具有在不同的社会有不同的形式；而科学具有 共性共性, 四海皆准；四海皆准；2.艺术满足人们的精神和感情需求艺术满足人们的精神和感情需求, 丰富文化生活丰富文化生活; 而科技发展体而科技发展体 现人们对知识的追求现人们对知识的追求,提高社会生产力提高社会生产力, 丰富物质财富丰富物质财富;3.艺术是主观的；艺术是主观的； 科学是客观的科学是客观的;4.科学给人们带来便利科学给人们带来便利, 艺术给人们带来快乐艺术给人们带来快乐;•Arts vary in different societies; science can be applied to the whole world;2. Arts satisfy people’s spiritual and emotional needs, and enrich cultural life; science enriches material wealth;3. Subjective vs objective; 娱乐、艺术娱乐、艺术 真题回顾真题回顾 The advance of science and technology has a significant impact on people, but the role of artists is also important, such as musicians, painters and writers. What can the arts tell us about life that science cannot? 难题分析难题分析 new 幸福幸福万能思路：万能思路：1.幸福是一种主观感受；幸福是一种主观感受；2.不同年龄、不同喜好、不同社会背景的人当然有不同的定义不同年龄、不同喜好、不同社会背景的人当然有不同的定义;3.我认为获得的幸福的因素包括我认为获得的幸福的因素包括… 衣食住行衣食住行….;•Subjective feeling;2. People at different life stages with various likes from diverse social backgrounds surely do not have the same definition of happiness;3. …; 随机应变随机应变 真题回顾真题回顾 Happiness is very important to individuals, but it is very hard to define. Why is happiness hard to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? Ten Broad TopicsEducationEnvironmentDaily life MediaTechnology Government Language & Culture Crime & AnimalFamilies Development & Globalization。