被动语态的构成与用法(一对一).doc

被动语态的构成与用法主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语 态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者1. 一般现在时 is/am/are+P.P.2. 一般过去时 was/were+P.P.固定不变)+P.P. 固定不变)+P.P.3. 一般将来时 will be+P.P.4. 现在进行时 is/am/are+being（5. 过去进行时 was/were+being（6. 现在完成时 have/has been+P.P.【口诀注释】①“一般现、过用 be +V. p.p.，be有人称、时、数变”即一般现在时，一般过去时，用be +V. p.p.格式,be动词有人称、 时态和单、复数的变化1. 一般现、过用 be+V. p.p. , be 有7. 过去完成时 had been+P.P.被动语态构成口诀 【重点】一般现、过用 be +V. p.p.，be有人称、时、 数变①完成时态 have(has)+V. p.p.，被动将been 加中间一般将来 shall (will) +V. 原形，被动变 V. 原形为 be V. p.p.将来进行无被动， shall (will) be+V.i ng,现在完成进行同， have (has)bee n+V.i ng 。

现、过进行 be+V.ing, 被动be加 being+V. p.p.人称、时、数变eg A主动 The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动 The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.eg B主动 People regard him as brilliant.被动 He is regarded as brilliant by people.以上两例都是一般时态用 be+V. p.p.的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends 是复数，时态一般过去时，所以“ be+V. p.p. ”就是 were given ,而People regard him as brilliant —句，被动后的“ be+V. p.p. ”就变成单数第三人称is regarded 的形式了即一般过去时的This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （was delivered 被动态）Two people were killed and twelve were injured.A note was passed up to the speaker.2. 完成时态 have+V. p.p.，被动将 been 加中间（过去完成时 had+V. p.p.也包括在内）。

eg A主动 We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school.被动 English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school.eg B主动 They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被动 100 tractors had bee n produced by the end of last year.3. —般将来 shall （will）+ V. 原形，被动变 V.原形为be V. p.p.即由 shall+V.原形或 will+V.原形变为 shall be+V. p.p.或 will be+ V. p.p. eg A主动 We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.被动 Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.（shall do 中的shall要随新主语变为 will, do 为be done.）eg B主动 I shall send my second boy to school next September.被动 My second boy will be sent to school next September.被动句中的 by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，some one ,no one 不由by来引出。

如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可 省略了eg E主动 The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.被动 More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.egs FMore peaceful uses will be found for un clear explosives in the future.More hard work will be n eeded to make this won der come true in a shorttime from now.（e true 使 成为事实 ；come true 做宾补）■过去将来时主动would+V.原形，被动be+V. p.p.代原形4. 将来进行无被动， shall （will） be+V.i ng,5. 现在完成进行同， have （has） been+V.i ng“将来进行时”表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行现在完成进行时”表示某行为发生在过去•延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。

两种时态则不用被动语态egsWe hope your coma ny will soon be sending an engin eer over to checkthis equipme nt.（ 将来进行时）In a ffew minu tes our passe nger pla ne will be flying in the stratosphere.（将来进行时 ） We hope scie ntists will be tapp ing new energy sources tomeet the n eed for power. What will you be doing this evening? （将来进行时）I have bee n livi ng in An shan Si nee 1980 .（现在完成进行时 ）How long have you bee n study ing En glish?（ 现在完成进行时 ）以上均无被动态即现在进行时或过去进行时都是 be的人称、时和数的形式加 V.ing而被动态则是be加上being+V. p.p.的形式，being 是不变的。

现在进行时和过去进行时的被 动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错例如：eg A主动 The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被动 The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.egsTwo reservoirs are being built at the same time.Equipme nt and foodstuffs are being flow n to the floodstricke n areas.同步练习:一，单选1, Maria at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.A. was woke n up B. woke up C. wakes up D. is woke n up2， Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last weekend.A. i nvites B. i nvited C. was in vited3. The World Cup in Germany now.A. being had B. is hav ing C. is holdi ng D. is being held4. A: some of the plastic bags can ' after June 1.B: Yes, people will use en viro nmen tal bags in stead.A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used不用被动语态的情况(只作了解)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：eg appear, die( 死亡),disappear (消失) ，end (vi. 结束),fail, happen, last, lie, rema in, sit, spread, sta nd ， break out, come true, fall asleep, keepsile nee, lose heart, take place.不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。

Compare : rise, fall, hap pe n 是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及物动词 )The price has been risen.(? ) The price has risen.(? ) The accident was happened last week.(? ) The accident happened last week.(? ) The price has raised.(? ) The price has been raised.(? ) Please seat.(? ) Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的特别 是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累2•不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：eg fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happe n to, take part in, walk in to, bel ong to主动语态变被动语态的方法：1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； 把谓语动词变成被动结构；把主动语态的主 语放在介词by后作它的宾语，人称代词主格变为宾格。

They have pain ted their new houset Their new house has bee n pain ted by th。