
PeterNewmark彼得·纽马克.ppt
18页Peter NewmarkCommunicative & Semantic TranslationContext1. A Brief Introducion of Peter Newmark2. Newmark's Main theories3. Communicative and Semantic Translation 3.1 Theoratical Background 3.2 Theoratical Basis 3.3 Definition of CT & ST 3.4 Comparision between CT & ST 3.5 ST = Literal Translation ?4. ReferencesPeter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation1. A Brief Introducion of Peter Newmark 彼彼得得·纽纽马马克克((1916—2011)),,是是英英国国翻翻译译研研究究界界的的元元老老,,曾曾为为英英国国萨萨里里大大学学((Surry University))的的教教授授。
纽纽马马克克是是著著名名的的翻翻译译家家与与翻翻译译理理论论家家,,他他从从事事过过多多种种欧欧洲洲语语言言的的翻翻译译工工作作,,是是出出色色的的译译者者和和编编辑辑同同时时,,他他还还是是一一位位语语言言学学家家,,并并担担任任英英国国语语言言学学家家协协会会会会长长他他的的主主要要兴兴趣趣就就是是把把语语言言学学的的相相关关理理论论应应用用于于翻翻译译实实践践中,把翻译研究与英语语言研究相结合主要著作有:中,把翻译研究与英语语言研究相结合主要著作有:《《翻翻译译问问题题探探讨讨》》 (Approches to Translation, 1981)、、《《翻翻译译教教程程》》 (A Textbook of Translation, 1988)、、《关于翻译》《关于翻译》 (About Translation, 1983)、、《翻译研究散论》《翻译研究散论》 (Paragraphs on Translation, 1985)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation2. Newmark's Main theoriesa. Communicative Translation(CT) & Semantic Translation(ST) 交际翻译交际翻译 与与 语义翻译语义翻译b. Metaphor Translation 隐喻翻译隐喻翻译Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.1 Theoratical BackgroundLiteral TranslationFree TranslationVSFor Newmark, the equivalent effect is " illusory", and that " the conflict of loyalties, the gap between emphasis on source and target language will always remain as the overriding problem in translation theory and practice. "(Newmark, 1981: 38)Equivalent Effect (Nida,1964)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.1 Theoratical BackgroundSOURCE LANGUAGE BIASTARGET LANGUAGE BIASLITERALFREEIDIOMATIEFAITHFULSEMANTIC/COMMUNICATIVE(Newmark, 1981: 39)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.2 Theoratical Basis纽纽马马克克语语义义和和交交际际翻翻译译理理论论的的提提出出是是以以德德国国心心理理学学家家、、功功能能语语言言学学家家卡卡尔尔·布布勒勒((Karl Buhler))和和雅雅各各布布森森((Roman Jakobson))论论述述的的三三大大语语言言功功能能为为依依据据,,即即表表情情功功能能;;信信息息功功能能;;感感染染功功能能;;他他还还采采纳纳了了弗弗哥哥茨茨基基((Vygotsky))关关于于思思维维本本质质的的观观点点来来区区分分两两种种翻翻译译。
纽纽马马克克认认为为早早期期翻翻译译理理论论,,即即语语言言学学时时期期对对翻翻译译的的讨讨论论,,忽忽视视了了翻翻译译与与意意义义、、思思维维和和语语言言普普遍遍性性的的关关系系,,如如何何翻翻译译应应当当视视翻翻译译目目的的、、读读者者特特点点和和文文本本类类型型而而定定由由此此他他提提出出了了“语语义义翻翻译译”和和“交交际际翻翻译译”,,前前者者对对作作者者忠忠实实,,后后者者强调对译文读者忠实强调对译文读者忠实张春慧,张春慧,Peter Newmark 的语义翻译和交际翻译的语义翻译和交际翻译, 2009)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.3 Definition of CT & STe.g.e.g.A. You flatter me!A. You flatter me!————你吹捧我你吹捧我/ /你拍我马屁你拍我马屁ST)(ST)————你过奖了!你过奖了!/ /哪里,哪里!哪里,哪里!/ /岂敢岂敢!岂敢岂敢!(CT)(CT)————(陈德章编著,《英汉翻译入门》,(陈德章编著,《英汉翻译入门》,20122012::15 15 ))B. B. 猴猴王王道道::““今今日日虽虽不不归归人人王王法法律律,,不不惧惧禽禽兽兽威威服服,,将将来来年年老老血血衰衰,,暗暗中中有有阎王阎王老子管着,一旦身亡,可不枉生世界之中,不得久住天人之内?老子管着,一旦身亡,可不枉生世界之中,不得久住天人之内?””(《西游记》,第一回)(《西游记》,第一回)——Yama, the king of the underworld (——Yama, the king of the underworld (余国潘译余国潘译) ) (ST)(ST)——the king of hell (W.J.F.Jenner——the king of hell (W.J.F.Jenner译译) ) (CT)(CT)————(姜静,卞建华,《语义翻译和交际翻译(姜静,卞建华,《语义翻译和交际翻译——<——<西游记西游记> >中佛教用语的翻译策略对比》,中佛教用语的翻译策略对比》,20122012))Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.3 Definition of CT & STCommunicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.(Peter Newmark, 1981:39) 交际翻译试图使读者阅读译文所产生的效果尽可能地接近原语读者阅交际翻译试图使读者阅读译文所产生的效果尽可能地接近原语读者阅读原文所产生的效果。
语义翻译则试图在合乎第二语言的语义和句法结读原文所产生的效果语义翻译则试图在合乎第二语言的语义和句法结构下,将原文的准确语境意义尽可能贴切地译出构下,将原文的准确语境意义尽可能贴切地译出李德凤等译)(李德凤等译)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.4 Comparision between CT & STOne basic difference between the two methods is that where there is a conflict, the communicative must emphasize the 'force' rather than the content of the message.(Peter Newmark, 1981:39)Bissiger Hund or Chien méchant !——Dog that bits! /Savage dog! ((ST))——Beware of the dog! ((CT))(Peter Newmark, 1981:39)(Peter Newmark, 1981:39)(Jeremy Munday著,李德凤等译,《翻译学导论》, 2007:67)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.4 Comparision between CT & STe.g. A. 成事在人,谋事在天。
成事在人,谋事在天——Man proposes, Heaven disposes.——Man proposes, God disposes.B. 因此,宝玉只和众丫头们掷股子赶围棋作戏因此,宝玉只和众丫头们掷股子赶围棋作戏—So Pao-yu was left to amuse himself with the other maids at dices or draughts.(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)—Bao-yu played "Racing Go" with the other maids. This was a game in which you moved your Gopieces across the board in accordance with the throw of dice, the object being to reach the opposite side before every thing else and pocket all the stakes.((David Hawkes 与与 John Minford 译译))Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.4 Comparision between CT & STThough there are not a few differences between CT and ST, "Communicative and semantic translation may well coincide—in particular, where the text conveys a general rather than a culturally (temporally and spatially) bound message and where the matter is as important religious, philosophical, artistic and scientific texts, assuming second readers as informed and interested as the first." (Newmark, 1981:40)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.4 Comparision between CT & ST 语语义义翻翻译译和和交交际际翻翻译译绝绝对对不不是是完完全全排排斥斥的的,,语语义义翻翻译译与与交交际际翻翻译译也也有有共共同同之之处,两者不能绝对区分开来。
处,两者不能绝对区分开来1. 认知翻译是两者共同的理论基础认知翻译是两者共同的理论基础2. 如如果果原原文文的的信信息息内内容容与与表表达达信信息息的的方方法法同同样样重重要要时时,,译译者者就就要要同同时时采采取取两两种种翻翻译方法,这样就可以既照顾到原文的作者又兼顾到译文的读者译方法,这样就可以既照顾到原文的作者又兼顾到译文的读者3. 在同一个文本中,两种方法可以兼用在同一个文本中,两种方法可以兼用 (徐明玉,浅谈纽马克的语义翻译与交际翻译,徐明玉,浅谈纽马克的语义翻译与交际翻译,2008)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.5 ST = Literal Translation ?Peter Newmark points out that"the basic difference between semantic and literal translation is that the former respects context, the latter does not. Semantic translation sometimes has to interpret,even explain a metaphor, if it is meaningless in the target language."'In semantic translation, the translators first loyalty is to his author; in literal translation, his loyalty is , on the whole, to the norms of the source language." (Newmark,1981:63)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.5 ST = Literal Translation ?However, literal translation is regarded, in communicative as in semantic translation, as the best method of translation. 语语义义翻翻译译和和交交际际翻翻译译都都能能确确保保对对等等效效应应,,逐逐字字翻翻译译式式直直译译不不仅仅是是最最好好的的也也是是唯一有效的翻译方法。
唯一有效的翻译方法 (Newmark, 1981:63)Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation3. Communicative and Semantic Translation3.6 Discussion about Newmark1. CT & ST 理理论论在在讨讨论论文文本本时时常常被被引引用用,,但但应应用用范范围围却却没没有有奈奈达达的的形形式式对对等等和和功功能对等理论广泛能对等理论广泛2. 术语泛滥术语泛滥3.为翻译研究提供了新的视角为翻译研究提供了新的视角4. 其著作中大量的例子为翻译培训提供了指导其著作中大量的例子为翻译培训提供了指导((Jeremy Munday著,李德凤等译,《翻译学导论》著,李德凤等译,《翻译学导论》, 2007::68))Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation4. References[1]. 陈德彰编著,陈德彰编著,《英汉翻译入门》《英汉翻译入门》[M],外语教学与研究出版社,,外语教学与研究出版社,20122012::1515[2]. 姜姜静静,,卞卞建建华华,,语语义义翻翻译译和和交交际际翻翻译译————《《西西游游记记》》中中佛佛教教用用语语的的翻翻译译策策略略对对 比》比》[J],郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),,郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),20122012::31(2)31(2)[3]. 徐明玉,浅谈纽马克的语义翻译与交际翻译徐明玉,浅谈纽马克的语义翻译与交际翻译[J],科技信息,,科技信息,2008((25))[4.] 张张春春慧慧,,Peter Newmark 的的语语义义翻翻译译和和交交际际翻翻译译[J],,安安徽徽师师范范大大学学学学报报((人人文社会科学版),文社会科学版),2009::39((1))[5]. Jeremy Munday 著著, 李李德德凤凤等等译译,,《《翻翻译译学学导导论论——理理论论与与实实践践》》[M],,商商务务 印书馆,印书馆,2007[6]. Peter Newmark, Approaches To Translation[M], Pregamon Press, 1981[7]. 。
