
东北三省农民收入差异时空演变及影响因素识别.docx
20页东北三省农民收入差异时空演变及影响因素识别 张阳阳摘 要:利用2003—2018年辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省统计年鉴和典型城市调研资料,从时间和空间角度分析了东北三省农民人均纯收入水平的现状、区域差异及其演进格局,识别农民收入的影响因素,探究其区域差异格局形成的成因结果表明:(1)自2003年以来,东北地区农民收入总体增加,但区域之间的差距先增大后逐渐减小,农民收入均衡性进一步增强2)农民收入水平区域差异性显著,东北三省的收入大致排序为辽宁省>吉林省=黑龙江省其中,辽宁省和吉林省的农民收入格局较为稳定,黑龙江省的农民收入变化起伏较大东北三省高收入及较高收入聚集区主要位于辽东半岛及辽宁中部地区,中等收入主要位于吉林省中部和黑龙江省中部,较低及以下收入区主要位于吉林省东部、西部以及黑龙江省西部和大兴安岭地区3)研究期内东北三省农民收入呈现出较明显的空间差异特征,热点区、冷点区集聚特征明显,其中热点区主要集中在东北三省南部地区2003—2013年冷点区主要集中连片分布在東北三省北部地区,2018年冷点区零星分布在东北三省西部和东部2003—2013年,收入格局稳定,基本形成了辽宁省为主热点区、吉林省次冷-次热中间区和黑龙江省主冷点区的格局,2018年收入格局发生了较大变化,整体表现为黑龙江省次热和吉林省次冷区集聚加强,范围逐渐扩展。
4)通过Tobit模型,发现城市化水平、农业政策、产业结构和农民消费水平是农民纯收入地区差异的主要原因Key:东北三省;农民收入;区域差异;时空演变;Tobit模型F328 A 1007-7731(2020)18-0001-07The Spatial Evolution of Farmers′ Income Differences in the Three Northeast Provinces and the Identification of Influencing FactorsZHANG Yangyang(Yan′an Branch of Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group co.,Ltd.,Yan′an 716099,China)Abstract:Using 2003—2018 statistical yearbooks of Liaoning、Jilin、 and Heilongjiang Province and survey data of typical cities,the status、regional differences、and evolution patterns of per capita net income of farmers in the three northeastern provinces were analyzed from the three perspectives of space and time.Influencing factors of farmers′ income,explore the reasons for the formation of their regional differences.The results show that:(1)Since 2003,the income of farmers in Northeast China has generally increased,but the gap between regions first increased and then gradually reduced,and the balance of farmers′income has been further strengthened.(2)The regional differences in farmers′ income levels are significant,and the three provinces in Northeast China The overall ranking of the income is Liaoning Province>Jilin Province=Heilongjiang Province.Among them,the income pattern of farmers in Liaoning Province and Jilin Province is relatively stable,and the income of farmers in Heilongjiang Province fluctuates greatly.The high-income and higher-income gathering areas of the three northeastern provinces are mainly located in the Liaodong Peninsula and central Liaoning.The middle-income areas are mainly located in central Jilin Province and central Heilongjiang Province.The lower-income and lower income areas are mainly located in eastern and western Jilin Province and western Heilongjiang Province and Daxinganling areas.(3)During the study periods,farmers′income in the three northeastern provinces showed significant spatial differences.The hotspot areas and cold spot areas had obvious agglomeration characteristics.The hotspot areas were mainly concentrated in the southeast of the three northeast provinces,and the cold spot areas were mainly concentrated in 2003—2013 The contiguous patches are distributed in the northern regions of the three northeastern provinces.In 2018,the cold spots are scattered in the western and eastern regions of the three northeast provinces.From 2003 to 2013,the income pattern was stable,basically forming the pattern of Liaoning Province as the main hot spot area,Jilin Province sub-cold-sub-hot intermediate area and Heilongjiang Province main cold spot area.The income pattern in 2018 changed significantly,and the overall performance was as follows The concentration of secondary heat in Heilongjiang Province and secondary cold areas in Jilin Province has been strengthened,and the scope has gradually expanded.(4)The level of urbanization,agricultural policies,industrial structure and farmers′ consumption levels are the main reasons for regional differences in farmers′ net income.Key words:Three provinces in Northeast China;Farmers′ income;Regional differences;Spatial evolution;Tobit model农民收入代表农民的购买力水平,是一个地区农业经济水平发展高低的外在表现,同时也是“三农”问题的核心和乡村振兴的重要基础[1-3]。
由于区域经济发展水平、自然资源禀赋的差异,农民收入呈现显著的地域差异,并呈现出逐年增大的趋势[4],各地区农民收入不平衡,不利于社会公平和经济繁荣[5-6],是消除“城乡二元制结构”的内在隐患自2003年以来,国家加大了解决“三农”问题的力度,但农民收入增长水平仍然出现下滑现象2003—2018年,全国农民人均纯收入由2690.34元增加到14671.03元,虽然实现了翻倍式增长,但是在2003—2005年(增幅由12.5%下降为10.7%)、2006—2008年(增幅由15.97%下降为8.73%)、2010—2015年(增幅由17.88%下降到8.24%),出现了连续多年增长减缓、增幅下降的现象,严重影响了农民的生产积极性,制约了农村经济的发展(数据来自《中国统计年鉴》)农民收入问题既是农业和农村内外部环境发生深刻变化的现实写照,也是城乡二元结构长期积累的各种深层次矛盾的集中反映[7],因此,该领域一直是社会学、经济学、地理学、区域发展学等领域研究的重要问题之一目前,已有关于农民收入的研究主要围绕农民收入结构[8- 9]、农民收入影响因素[10-11]、农民收入与城市化和信息化的关系[12-15]、农民增收途径和建议[16-18]、农民收入区域差异[19-22]等。
在研究尺度方面,不仅有全国[23]、省域[24-25]、区域[26-28]等宏观尺度研究,也有具体到县域[29]的微观尺度研究,更有对某一具有特殊属性区域的农民收入研究例如,王娜对粮食主产区农民收入进行了探究,发现我国东、中、西部家庭经营性收入是粮食主产区农民收入的主要来源,主产区区域间农民收入差异不断缩小[30];康江江等对中国集中连片特困区农民收入进行了研究,运用SLM和SEM模型,研究结果表明,特困片区与全国平均水平差距显著,还需创造经济价值促进农民增收[31]在研究方法上逐渐多元化,主要有GIS空间分析[32-33]、泰尔指数[34]、基尼系数[35]、VAR模型[36]等综上,已有文献对农民收入的研究提供了视角和思路,但大多集中于长三角、江苏、河南等经济发达地区或人口大省,而对于东北三省经济发展欠发达地区的研究仍较少东北三省是我国重要的地理单元之一,拥有辽阔的东北大平原、良好的水土、光照等资源,是全国主要的粮食生产基地,2018年产粮13331.9万t,约占全国粮食总产量的20.2%2018年全国农民人均纯收入为14671.03元,辽宁省为14656.33元,吉林省为13748.17元,黑龙江省为13804元,3省均未达到全国平均水平。
可见,东北地区农民收入水平偏低,东北作为我国重要的粮食生产区,农民增收缓慢,不利于农业产业的稳定发展作为新中国成立后最早重点建设的老工业基地,先进的工业化促进了城市化的发展,国土空间辽阔、自然资源丰富,是。
