“和而不同”与“文明共存”.doc

和而不同”与“文明共存”‘Harmonious yet different’ and ‘cultural co-existence’练习译文&标准译文翻译技巧&说明孔子的“仁政”和“和而不同”思想，对于一个国家的治国者，不能说是没有意义的，对于像美国这样发达国家的领导人来说由其如此Concepts brought up by Confucius, such as ‘benevolent governance’ and ‘being harmonious yet different’, shouldn’t be considered unpractical for leaders of a country, especially for administrators of developed countries such as America. 和而不同 harmonious yet different=being harmonious while remaining different仁政 policy of benevolence=benevolent governance领导者 leader=ruler=administrator“治国、平天下”应该行“仁政”，行“王道”，不应该行“霸道”。

To administer a country and bring peace to the world, one should practice the benevolent governance instead of ruling by force.治国 administer/run a country=manage state affairs平天下 bring peace/order to the world王道 benevolent governance/administration霸道 rule by force=high-handed rule行“仁政”、“王道”可以使不同文化得以共同存在和发展；行“霸道”将引起文明冲突，使文化最终走向单一化，导致文化霸权主义Practicing ‘benevolent governance’ makes it possible for different cultures to co-exist and develop, while ruling by force triggers cultural conflicts which lead to cultural simplification and cultural hegemony.文化霸权主义 cultural hegemony如果把孔子的“仁学”理论用于处理不同文明之间的关系，那么，不同文明之间就不会引起冲突或者战争，实现“文明的共存”。

Should Confucius’s ‘benevolent governance’ theory be used to handle the relationships between different civilizations, there would be no conflicts or wars between them and the ‘cultural co-existence’ could therefore be achieved. 孔子说：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和” As Confucius’s words go, ‘gentlemen are in harmony with each other in spite of differences between them, while base persons are in disharmony with each other in spite of uniformity among them.’君子和而不同 gentlemen are in harmony with each other in spite of differences between them小人同而不和 base persons are in disharmony with each other in spite of uniformity among them他认为，有道德有学问的君子应该做到能在不同中和谐相处；而不讲道德没有学问的人往往因强迫别人接受他的主张而不能和谐相处。

In his works he points out that, gentlemen with both morality and knowledge are able to live with each other in harmony in spite of differences between them, while people without morality or knowledge tend to impose his own opinions upon others instead of living in harmony.学问 learning=knowledge如果我们把“和而不同”用作处理不同文化之间关系的原则，它对于解决当今不同国家与民族之间的纷争将起到非常积极地的作用，特别是在解决不同国家与民族之间因文化打上的不同（例如宗教信仰不同和价值观不同等）而引起的矛盾冲突方面意义重大、If treated as a principle of handling relationships between different civilizations, the concept of ‘harmonious yet different’ will have a very positive effect on resolving disputes between different countries and nations, especially those aroused by differences in religions, beliefs and values.纷争 dispute 中国传统文化的最高理想是“万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖”。

The biggest goal of Chinese cultural traditions is to achieve that ‘all things on earth grow together without one doing harm to another and all doctrines in the world develop in parallel with each other without coming into conflict.’万物并育而不相害 all things on earth grow together without one doing harm to another道并行而不相悖 all doctrines in the world develop in parallel with each other without coming into conflict“万物并育”和“道并行”是“不同”；“不相害”、“不相悖”则是“和”It is ‘difference’ of ‘all things on earth grow together’ and ‘all doctrines in the world develop in parallel’, while ‘harmony’ of ‘one not doing harm to another’ and ‘not coming into conflict.’这种思想为多元文化共处提供了取之不尽的思想源泉。

This thinking provides deep roots for a harmonious co-existence among different civilizations. 现在西方国家的有识之士都认识到，不同文明之间应学会共存，而不应因文化上的不同而走向冲突以至战争 All men of insight in Western countries have realized nowadays that different civilizations should learn to co-exist instead of going into conflicts, or even wars because of cultural differences.有识之士 a person with broad vision=a man of insight他们认为，不同民族和国家可以通过文化交往与对话取得某种“共识”，也即有一个从“不同”到某种意义上相互“认同”的过程They consider it possible for different nations and countries to achieve some kind of ‘consensus’ through cultural communication and dialogue, which means that they go through a process of identifying one another form ‘completely different’ to ‘identifying one another’ on some account.共识 consensus 认同 identification这种相互“认同”不是甲方消灭乙方，也不是乙方“同化”甲方，而是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

Such identification is not one side eliminating the other, but both parts seeking joint similarities and on this basis, promoting each other’s cultural development. This is exactly how ‘harmony’ works in different cultures.消灭 eliminate同化 assimilate 文化上的不同可能引起冲突，甚至战争，但并不能认为“不同”就一定会引起冲突和战争 Cultural differences may lead to conflicts, or even wars. But ‘difference’ shouldn’t be held as a definite cause for conflicts or wars.基于这一认识，我们都必须努力在不同文化之间展开对话，以使大家和谐相处Given this idea, we must make efforts to develop dialogues between different cultures so that we can live in harmony with each other.从这点来说，孔子以“和为贵”为基础的“和而不同”思想可成为处理世界上不同文化之间的一条基本原则。

From this point of view, Confucius’s theory, ‘harmony i。