高考英语Unit5Canada“TheTrueNorth”知识与要点课件新人教版必修3.ppt
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话题1.Geography of Canada(加拿大的地理) 2.Multicultural society(多元化社会)功能1.Direction(方向) 2.Position(位置) 3.Emotions(情绪)语法Noun clauses as the appositive(同位语从句)重点单词chat，scenery，eastward，surround，measure，aboard，within，border，slightly，mix，confirm，terrify，nearby，tradition，impress，broad，distance 重点短语rather than，settle down，manage to do，catch sight of，in the distance，have a gift for，at dawn，be surrounded by/with，as far as重点句型1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.2．Going eastward，you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests，as well as wide rivers and large cities.3．They were not leaving for Montreal until later，so they went on a tour of the city.4．“It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa，Canada's capital.” 1．．surround vt.&vi.围绕，包围围绕，包围归纳拓展归纳拓展surrounding adj.周围的周围的surroundings n．环境．环境surround sb./sth.with sb.//sth.with sb./sth.使某人使某人/ /某物包围某人某物包围某人/ /某物某物be surrounded by/with被被…………包围或环绕包围或环绕She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books.她坐在地板上，周她坐在地板上，周围围都是都是书书。
They have surrounded the building with police.他他们们派警察包派警察包围围了了这这幢大楼Animals in a zoo are not living in their natural surroundings.动动物园里的物园里的动动物物们们不是生活在自然不是生活在自然环环境之中同类辨析同类辨析surroundings，，condition，，environment与与circumstances(1)surroundings意意为为“环环境境””，，常常用用复复数数形形式式，，主主要要指指人或周围的物质环境人或周围的物质环境2)condition指指条条件件，，状状态态，，情情况况condition的的复复数数形形式式conditions可可表表示示““环环境境，，情情况况””的的意意思思，，但但主主要要是是抽抽象象意意义义上的 同类辨析同类辨析(3)environment作作“环环境境”讲讲时时，，是是集集合合名名词词，，既既可可表表示示抽抽象象概概念念，，也也可可表表示示具具体体意意义义，，包包括括周周围围环环境境、、外外界界、、自自然然环环境境、、社社会会环环境境等等。
强强调调环环境境对对人人的的感感受受、、道道德德及及观观念念的的影响4)circumstances指指人人生生存存的的客客观观环环境境，，还还可可指指“境境地地，，境遇境遇”，尤指经济状况尤指经济状况It's difficult to imagine that you're working in such poor conditions.很难想象你在这样糟的条件下工作很难想象你在这样糟的条件下工作An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour.一个不愉快的家庭环境会影响儿童的行为一个不愉快的家庭环境会影响儿童的行为I know I can trust her in any circumstances.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她 【【链接训练链接训练】】①①________ for a few days，，the miners were in despair.A．．Surrounding B．．Being surroundedC．．Having surrounded D．．Having been surrounded【【解解析析】】 句句意意为为：：被被困困了了几几天天之之后后，，矿矿工工们们绝绝望望了了。
从从for a few days来来看看，，应应用用分分词词的的完完成成式式，，同同时时从从the miners与与surround之间为被动关系来判断，应选之间为被动关系来判断，应选D答案答案】】 D ②②The surroundings of his house ________ clean now.A．．is B．．are C．．was D．．were【【解解析析】】 以以ings结结尾尾的的名名词词如如belongings，，earnings，，findings，，surroundings等等常常用用作作复复数数，，谓谓语语动动词词应应用用复复数数根据题干中根据题干中now可知用一般现在时故答案为可知用一般现在时故答案为B答案答案】】 B 2．．measure vt.&vi.测测量量；；衡衡量量；；判判定定 n．．度度量量单单位位；；措施措施归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施采取措施(做某事做某事)make...to one's own measure根根据据某某人人自自己己的的尺尺寸寸来来做做(衣衣服服)in full measure最大程度地，最大限度地最大程度地，最大限度地(2)measure out量出量出measure up量好量好长长度；合格；符合度；合格；符合标标准准measure up to符合符合(期望期望)；达到；达到(标标准准) They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.他他们对们对危害公众的司机采取危害公众的司机采取强强硬的措施。
硬的措施The tailor took my measure and made a new suit to my measure.服装服装师给师给我量了尺寸并按照我的尺寸做了一套新衣服我量了尺寸并按照我的尺寸做了一套新衣服This product does not measure up.这项产这项产品不合格品不合格诱导展望诱导展望(1)measure表表示示““测测定定；；测测量量；；评评估估””时时，，是是及及物物动动词词，，后后面面直直接接跟跟名名词词作作宾宾语语；；或或用用于于be measured in/by...结结构构中中，，表示表示““用用…………来计算来计算”” The snow there is measured not in/by /by inchesinches，，but but in/in/by feet.那里的雪不是以英寸，而是以英尺来计算那里的雪不是以英寸，而是以英尺来计算2)当当measure表表示示“量量起起来来有有…………长长/ /宽宽/ /高高””时时是是不不及及物物动词，后跟量的结果，此种情况下不能用被动语态动词，后跟量的结果，此种情况下不能用被动语态。
Our new classroom measures 10 meters by 8 meters.我们的教室长我们的教室长10米宽米宽8米 【【链接训练链接训练】】①①Many car accidents occur because motorists can't ____ the speed of approaching vehicles.A．．conclude B．．count C．．measure D．．value【【解解析析】】 句句意意为为：：很很多多车车祸祸的的发发生生都都是是因因为为开开车车者者不不能能估估量量对对面面开开来来的的车车的的速速度度造造成成的的measure在在此此为为及及物物动动词词，，意意为为“估估量量””conclude““得得出出结结论论””；；count““数数数数””；；value““重重视视””，三者均与题意不符三者均与题意不符答案答案】】 C 3．．mix vt. 混合，掺和 混合，掺和 n. 混合，结合混合，结合(通常用单数通常用单数)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)mix A and B (together)＝＝mix A with B 使使A和和B混混合合起来起来mix with sth.与某物相混合与某物相混合mix with sb.(指人指人)相处，交往相处，交往mix sth./sb.up 弄错，弄乱；搞错弄错，弄乱；搞错归纳拓展归纳拓展(2)mixed adj.混合的混合的mixed doubles 混合双打混合双打(3)mixture n．混合状态，混合物．混合状态，混合物 Oil doesn't mix with water.＝＝Oil and water don't mix.油不融于水。
油不融于水Don't try to mix business with pleasure.不要把工作和不要把工作和娱乐娱乐混在一起混在一起I think you must be mixing me up with someone else.我我觉觉得你一定是把我得你一定是把我错错当成当成别别人了He looked at her with a mixture of amusement and despair.他既好笑又他既好笑又绝绝望地看着她望地看着她 【【链接训练链接训练】】Football is a ________ of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking.A．．mixture B．．thought C．．time D．．action【【解析解析】】 空格处表示 空格处表示““…………的混合物的混合物””，故应选，故应选A答案答案】】 A 4．．confirm vt.证实；证明，确定；批准证实；证明，确定；批准归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)confirm sth.证实某事证实某事confirm that/wh 证实，确定证实，确定……(2)confirmation n．证实；确认书；证明书．证实；确认书；证明书Can you confirm the dates we discussed?你能确认我们讨论过的日期吗？你能确认我们讨论过的日期吗？Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.研究已经证实这种风险对女性来说大一些。
研究已经证实这种风险对女性来说大一些He will be confirmed in office in October.十月份他将正式就职十月份他将正式就职 【【链接训练链接训练】】Parents' keeping children away from dogs can just ______ to children that dogs are scary.A．．convince B．．confirm C．．confirmed D．．conform【【解解析析】】 句句意意为为：：父父母母们们让让孩孩子子避避开开狗狗的的做做法法只只能能向向孩孩子子证证实实狗狗是是可可怕怕的的convince“使使(某某人人)确确信信”，，用用法法是是convince sb. that，，故故A项项搭搭配配不不正正确确confirm ““证证实实””，，其其搭搭配配为为：：confirm to sb. that...；；C项项形形式式错错误误conform““遵遵守守，，顺从顺从””答案答案】】 B 5．．distance n. 距距离离；；远远方方；；遥遥远远；；疏疏远远 v. 不不介介入入，，与与……疏远疏远归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)at a distance 隔一段距离；从稍远处隔一段距离；从稍远处at a distance of在在…………远的地方远的地方in the distance 在远方在远方keep sb.at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离keep one's distance (from)．．..与与…………保持距离；疏远保持距离；疏远(2)distance oneself from 不介入不介入…………；与；与…………疏远疏远(3)distant adj. 遥远的；远亲的；冷漠的遥远的；远亲的；冷漠的 Evening came slowly.The hills in the distance turned dark blue.夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。
夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色She was warned to keep her distance from John if she didn't want to get hurt.有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点When he retired，，he tried to distance himself from politics.退休后，他便尽量使自己远离政治退休后，他便尽量使自己远离政治The president hopes to visit China in the not too distant future.总统希望在不远的将来访问中国总统希望在不远的将来访问中国 诱导展望诱导展望distance 的的修修饰饰语语常常用用 some，，good，，great，，long，，short 而不用而不用 near，，far 修饰It is a good distance away.距离很远距离很远 【【链接训练链接训练】】All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ________ they keep from someone they talk with.A．．distance B．．scope C．．range D．．boundary【【解解析析】】 句句中中distance与与后后面面定定语语从从句句中中的的keep from构构成成keep distance from短短语语，，意意为为“与与…………保保持持距距离离””。
句句意意为为：：每每个个人人都都有有一一个个舒舒适适区区域域，，调调节节着着他他们们与与对对话话者者之之间间的距离答案答案】】 A 重点短语与句型 重点短语与句型1．．settle down定居；专心工作；平静下来定居；专心工作；平静下来归纳拓展归纳拓展settle vt.&vi.定居；平静下来；解决定居；平静下来；解决(1)settlement n．解决，处理；和解；殖民地．解决，处理；和解；殖民地settler n．移民，殖民者．移民，殖民者(2)settle on/upon sth.决决定定做做某某事事，，同同意意(某某事事)；；(鸟鸟等等)停停在在settle up付清欠账；结清账单付清欠账；结清账单settle in/into 迁入迁入(新居新居)；习惯于；习惯于 The internal affairs of each country should be settled by its own people.各国的内政应由各国人民自己去解决各国的内政应由各国人民自己去解决He wanted to get married and settled down.他想结婚过安定的生活。
他想结婚过安定的生活I must settle down this morning and do some reading.今天早上我必须静下心来读会儿书今天早上我必须静下心来读会儿书The bird settled on a branch.那只鸟落在了树枝上那只鸟落在了树枝上诱导展望诱导展望settle down用用作作不不及及物物动动词词短短语语时时，，表表示示“定定居居；；安安静静地地坐坐下下；；(对对生生活活、、工工作作等等)定定下下心心来来””；；用用作作及及物物动动词词短短语语时时，，表示表示““使使…………平静下来；着手认真做平静下来；着手认真做……”……”The chairman tried to settle the audience down.主席设法使听众安静下来主席设法使听众安静下来 【【链接训练链接训练】】①①If you don't leave，，you'll see the problem ________ by us.A．．settled B．．settlingC．．to be settled D．．to settle【【解解析析】】 see sth.done表表示示“看看到到某某事事被被做做””。
settle在在此意为此意为““解决，处理解决，处理””答案答案】】 A ②②It was so noisy outside that I couldn't ________ down to read.A．．settle B．．put C．．sit D．．lie【【解解析析】】 settle down在在此此意意为为“安安心心，，静静下下心心来来””put down““放放下下，，记记下下””；；sit down““坐坐下下””；；lie down““躺躺下下””，均与句意不符均与句意不符答案答案】】 A 2．．catch sight of看见；瞥见看见；瞥见归纳拓展归纳拓展at the sight of...一看见一看见……at first sight初见；乍看初见；乍看in/within sight在视野内，看得见在视野内，看得见come into sight出现在眼前；进入视野出现在眼前；进入视野out of sight在视野外，看不见在视野外，看不见lose sight of看不见看不见 He caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows.他看他看见见黑暗黑暗处处有个黑影。
有个黑影She let out a cry at the sight of the snake.她一她一见见到蛇，就到蛇，就发发出叫喊声出叫喊声She waved until the car was out of sight.她不停地她不停地挥挥手，直到汽手，直到汽车车消失在消失在视线视线中When we got to the beach，，there wasn't a soul in sight.我我们们到达海到达海滩时滩时一个人也看不一个人也看不见见 【【链接训练链接训练】】他们终于看不见陆地了他们终于看不见陆地了翻译句子翻译句子)________________________________________________________________________【【答案答案】】 They finally lost sight of land. 3．．have a gift for 对对……有天赋有天赋归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)have a gift for＝＝be gifted in＝＝have a talent for 对对…………有天赋；有有天赋；有…………的才能的才能a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人多才多艺的人(2)gifted adj.天才的，有天赋的天才的，有天赋的(相当于相当于talented)a gifted musician 天才的音乐家天才的音乐家(3)gift n．＝．＝present礼品，赠品礼品，赠品Her mother has a gift for making guests feel at home.她的母亲有使客人变得无拘无束的才能。
她的母亲有使客人变得无拘无束的才能Their daughter is very gifted.他们的女儿天分很高他们的女儿天分很高He received a lot of gifts on his birthday.他生日时收到了许多礼物他生日时收到了许多礼物 【【链接训练链接训练】】①①Mrs Taylor has ____ 8yearold daughter who has ____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.A．．a；；a B．．an；；the C．．an；；a D．．the；；a【【解解析析】】 考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法8yearold以以元元音音音音素素开开头头，，要要用用an；；have a gift for固固定定短短语语，，“有有…………的的天天赋赋””，，故故正正确答案为确答案为C答案答案】】 C ②②—In your opinion，，who is the best golf player in the world?—John Smith.I think he has a(n)________ for golf.A．．present B．．limit C．．interest D．．gift【【解解析析】】 答答句句后后半半句句句句意意为为：：我我认认为为他他有有打打高高尔尔夫夫球球的天赋。
的天赋have a gift for““对对…………有天赋有天赋””，符合题意符合题意答案答案】】 D 4．．“It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa，，Canada's capital”．．“很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华”归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)as far as远远至至，，远远达达，，注注意意与与as long as的的区区别别：：far指指距离，距离，long指时间so/as far as与与…………的的距距离离相相等等，，达达到到…………的的程程度度；；尽尽…………，就，就…………as/so far as it goes达到一定程度达到一定程度(通常并未如愿通常并未如愿)as/so far as sb.//so far as sb./sth.is concerned就某人就某人/某物而言某物而言as far as the eye can see/reach就视力所能及就视力所能及as/so far as I know据我所知据我所知 (2)as...as可可用用作作程程度度副副词词，，表表示示““程程度度之之高高，，数数量量之之多多，，时间之久时间之久””等意思。
等意思as/so long as只要只要as much/many as多达多达…………；达到；达到…………之多之多as soon as一一…………就就…………(3)by far...…………得多得多so far迄今为止迄今为止(作状语，谓语动词多用现在完成时作状语，谓语动词多用现在完成时)far from远非，一点也不远非，一点也不 I accompanied him as far as the bus stop.我陪他一直走到公共汽我陪他一直走到公共汽车车站As far as I'm concerned，，you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么So far it has been by far the tallest building in the world.到目前到目前为为止，它是世界上最高的建筑止，它是世界上最高的建筑It is far from clear what he intends to do.他打算做什么一点都不清楚他打算做什么一点都不清楚 【【链接训练链接训练】】________ external(外外部部的的)appearances are concerned，，radioactive materials do not look different from other substances.A．．As far as B．．As long asC．．As soon as D．．As much as【【解解析析】】 as far as sth.is concerned““就就某某物物而而言言””，，固固定用法。
定用法答案答案】】 A 同位语从句同位语从句同同位位语语从从句句是是英英语语中中的的四四大大名名词词性性从从句句(主主语语从从句句、、表表语语从从句句、、宾宾语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从从句句)之之一一，，它它不不仅仅是是高高考考的的重重要要考考点，也是我们阅读中经常遇到的句型点，也是我们阅读中经常遇到的句型一、同位语从句的概念一、同位语从句的概念在在复复合合句句中中作作同同位位语语的的句句子子叫叫同同位位语语从从句句同同位位语语从从句句一一般般跟跟在在某某些些名名词词的的后后面面，，用用以以解解释释或或说说明明前前面面名名词词的的具具体体内内容容经经常常带带同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词有有fact，，news，，answer，，message，，doubt，，possibility，，idea，，reply，，reason，，belief，，hope，，thought，，promise，，suggestion，，question，，certainty等 二、同位语从句的连接词二、同位语从句的连接词引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的词词有有从从属属连连词词that，，whether以以及及连连接接代代词词who，，which，，what和和连连接接副副词词where，，when，，why，，how等。
等1．．由由连连接接词词that，，whether引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句此此时时的的引导词只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分引导词只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分There is no doubt that prices of cars will go down.毫无疑问汽车的价格会下降毫无疑问汽车的价格会下降2．．由由连连接接代代词词who，，which，，what和和连连接接副副词词where，，when，，why，，how引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句此此时时的的引引导导词词在在从从句句中中作相应的成分作相应的成分 Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.没人能解没人能解释释他他为为什么突然消失了什么突然消失了三、学习同位语从句应该注意的几点三、学习同位语从句应该注意的几点1．．表表达达““是是否否””的的概概念念时时，，要要用用whether而而不不用用if引引导导同同位位语语从句I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.我不知道你是否有我不知道你是否有兴兴趣趣为为她工作。
她工作2．．作作主主语语的的同同位位语语从从句句有有时时会会被被谓谓语语动动词词将将其其与与名名词词分分开开，，这这叫叫间间隔隔式式同同位位语语从从句句这这种种分分隔隔主主要要出出于于修修辞辞原原因因，，即即为为了保持句子了保持句子结结构平衡A saying goes that practice makes perfect.有句有句谚语说谚语说熟能生巧熟能生巧 3．．若若被被同同位位语语从从句句说说明明的的名名词词是是advice，，suggestion，，proposal(建建 议议 )；； demand，， request，， requirement(要要 求求 )；；decision(决决定定)，，order(命命令令)，，recommendation(劝劝告告)等等这这些些词词语语时时，，同同位位语语从从句句常常用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，，谓谓语语动动词词常常用用should＋＋do，，should常常省略常常省略The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.建一座新建一座新桥桥的提的提议议被通被通过过了。
了4．．名名词词doubt(怀怀疑疑)后后的的同同位位语语从从句句用用whether引引导导；；no doubt(无疑无疑)之后的同位之后的同位语语从句用从句用that引引导导We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我我们怀们怀疑他疑他们们能否按能否按时时完成任完成任务务There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.他将遵守他的他将遵守他的诺诺言，言，这这一点是毫无疑一点是毫无疑问问的 5．在．在no idea后可用后可用wh疑疑问词问词引引导导I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么我不知道他什么时时候回来四、如何区别定语从句和同位语从句四、如何区别定语从句和同位语从句1．．从从语语法法角角度度看看，，引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的that是是连连词词，，只只起起连连接接作作用用，，在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何句句子子成成分分；；而而引引导导定定语语从从句句的的that是是关关系系代代词词，，除除了了起起连连接接作作用用之之外外，，还还在在从从句句中中作作主主语语或或宾语宾语。
He made a promise that if anyone set him free he would make him very rich.(同位同位语语从句从句)他承他承诺说诺说若有人能若有人能够够使他自由，他将使其使他自由，他将使其变变得很有得很有钱钱 I still remember the promise (that) he made.(定定语语从从句句)我我仍旧仍旧记记得他做出的承得他做出的承诺诺2．．从从语语义义角角度度看看，，同同位位语语从从句句与与前前面面的的名名词词是是同同位位关关系系，，两两者者可可以以转转换换为为主主表表关关系系定定语语从从句句与与它它前前面面的的名名词词是是所所属属关系，表示关系，表示““…………的的””，起修，起修饰饰作用，不能改成主表关系作用，不能改成主表关系The news that we'll go on a picnic this Sunday isn't true.(同位同位语语从句从句)可可改改为为：：The news is that we'll go on a picnic this Sunday.The news that you've heard isn't true.(定定语语从句从句)若改若改为为The news is that you've heard.则则句意不完整。
句意不完整 3．．同同位位语语从从句句的的连连词词that一一般般不不能能省省略略，，而而定定语语从从句句中中的关系代的关系代词词that在从句中作在从句中作宾语时宾语时，常常可以省略常常可以省略The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again.(同位同位语语从句从句)外外宾宾表达了他想再次来中国的愿望表达了他想再次来中国的愿望I remembered the hope (that) the foreigner expressed to me.(定定语语从句从句)我我记记得外得外宾宾向我表达的希望向我表达的希望4．．当当when，，why，，where和和how等等引引导导同同位位语语从从句句时时，，它它们们为为连连接接副副词词，，虽虽然然在在句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分，，但但前前面面没没有有与与其其意意义义相相当当的的先先行行词词而而在在定定语语从从句句中中when，，why，，where为为关关系系副副词词，，在在其其前前面面分分别别有有表表示示时时间间、、原原因因或或地地点点意意义义的的名名词词作先行作先行词词。
They raised the question where we were to get so many chairs needed.(同位同位语语从句从句)他他们们提出了我提出了我们们去哪里找如此多所需椅子的去哪里找如此多所需椅子的问题问题That's the reason why he didn't come to the meeting.(定定语语从句从句)那就是他那就是他为为什么没来参加会什么没来参加会议议的原因 【【链接训练链接训练】】①①The theory is based on the idea ________ all people are created equal，，________ is accepted by most people.A．．that；；that B．．which；；whichC．．which；；when D．．that；；which【【解解析析】】 空空一一that引引导导同同位位语语从从句句，，which引引导导非非限限制制性定语从句性定语从句答案答案】】 D ②②There is no doubt ________ Mr.Zhang will sign the contract with us.A．．when B．．whether C．．if D．．that【【解解析析】】 no doubt(无无疑疑)之之后后的的同同位位语语从从句句引引导导词词用用that。
答案答案】】 D ③③The order ________ we should return hasn't reached us，，so we don't know whether we have enough time to visit you.A．．that B．．which C．．when D．．where【【解解析析】】 句句意意为为：：我我们们什什么么时时间间该该返返回回的的命命令令还还未未到到，，所所以以我我们们不不知知道道是是否否有有足足够够的的时时间间去去看看你你根根据据句句中中“whether we have enough time to visit you”提提示示，，空空白白处处填填when，，when引导的是同位语从句，在从句中作时间状语引导的是同位语从句，在从句中作时间状语答案答案】】 C ④④Danby left word with my secretary ________ he would call again in the afternoon.A．．who B．．that C．．as D．．which【【解解析析】】 that引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句解解释释说说明明前前面面的的名名词词word，，that在句中不作成分。
在句中不作成分答案答案】】 B 。
