物流英语课件：chapter 3 Warehousing Management.ppt

Chapter ThreeWarehousing ManagementText 5 Warehousing ManagementText 6 Design Considerations in WarehousingSupplementary Reading : Cross dockingLearning objective lTo understand the concept of warehousinglTo identify the various types of warehousinglTo examine the trade-offs in warehousing design lTo get familiar with the concept of cross-docking Key Terms 关键词汇关键词汇lwarehousing 仓储仓储lwarehouse 仓库仓库lprivate Warehouse 私人仓库私人仓库lpublic warehouse 公共仓库公共仓库lcontract warehouse 合同仓库合同仓库 l distribution center 配送中心配送中心General Introduction of WarehousinglWhat is warehousing? lWarehousing has been defined as the part of logistics systems that store products (raw materials, parts, goods-in-process, finished goods…) at and between points of origin to points of consumptionlWarehousing can be provided by either warehouses or distribution centerslwhat is the difference between warehouse and DC?lWarehouses emphasize the storage of product lprimary purpose is to maximize usage of available storage spaceldistribution centers emphasize the rapid movement of products through a facilitylMaim purpose is to maximize throughput Types of Warehousesl Private warehouselThis type of warehouses are owned or occupied on a long-term lease by the firm using them. lWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of private warehouse? lAdvantages:lPrivate warehouses provide more control since the enterprises has absolute decision-making authoritylThe control facilitates the ability to integrate warehouse operations with the rest of the firm’s internal logistics process.Disadvantages:lhigh fixed cost of private storage lthe necessity of having high and steady demand volumeslWhat kind of companies usually own their private warehouses? Answer: lThe largest users of private warehousing are retail chain stores, they handle large volumes of products on a regular basis. lManufacturing firms also utilize private warehousing. Public warehouselThe public warehouse is space that can be leased to solve short-term distribution needs.lWhy more and more companies are using public warehouse service nowadays? lBecause public warehouse has certain advantages:üit require no capital investment on the user’s part, therefore more flexibility üprovide additional storage space to private warehouses owner if their facilities have reached capacity limitüprovide a number of value-added services Contract warehousinglanother warehousing alternative-- contract warehousing (also referred to as third-party warehousing) lContract warehousing is a long term, mutually beneficial arrangement which provides unique and specially tailored warehousing and logistics services for one customerlContract warehousing is becoming a preferred choice for many organizations, why ?Answer: lit allow a company to focus on its core competenciesltends to be more cost-effective than private warehousing with almost the same degree of controlDistribution CenterlThere are some warehouses where product storage is considered a very temporary activity.lThese warehouses serve as points in the distribution system at which products are received from many suppliers and quickly shipped out to many customers lIn some cases, such as with distribution centers handling perishable food Notes: l1. Warehousing can be provided by either warehouses or distribution centers. Warehouse emphasizes the storage of product and their primary purpose is to maximize usage of available storage space. 仓储可以由仓库或配送中心提供。

仓库强调产品的存储，其主要目标是存储空间的最大化使用l2. But private warehousing also characterized by some drawbacks, including high fixed cost of private storage and the necessity of having high and steady demand volumes. 但私人仓库也有一些缺点，包括私人仓储的固定成本高，并只有在需求量高且稳定的情况下才有利可图l3. Public warehouses may also provide a number of specialize services that aren’t available from other sources, such as value-added services as repackaging larger shipments into retail-size package, product assembly and produce testing. 公共仓库可能提供许多其他地方不能提供的专业服务，比如提供将较大宗货物重新进行零售包装，产品组装和产品测试等增值服务。

l4. Contract warehousing is a long term, mutually beneficial arrangement which the operators of warehouse facility provide unique and specially tailored warehousing and logistics services for one customer. 合同仓储是一个长期的双方互惠协定，仓储设施的经营人对其客户提供独特的，专门的仓储和物流服务l5. Contract warehousing also tends to be more cost-effective than private warehousing with almost the same degree of control, because key specifications can be included in the contract. 合同仓储往往还比私人仓储更经济，却能达到和私人仓储相近的控制度，因为企业的重要要求都可以在合同中详细列明Topic for Discussion:l1. The text mentions that private warehousing is characterized by some drawbacks, including high fixed cost of private storage and the necessity of having high and steady demand volumes. Why private warehousing generally generate high fixed cost? l2. What make a distribution center different from a warehouse? Text 6 Design Considerations in WarehousingKey Termslwarehousing design 仓储设计仓储设计lwarehouse layout 仓库布局仓库布局lfixed slot location system 固定货位系统固定货位系统 lvariable slot location system 流动货位系统流动货位系统llabor-intensive 劳动力密集的劳动力密集的 lmechanization 机械化机械化lautomation 自动化自动化General Considerations of Warehousing Design lGeneral considerations include:lthe quantity and character of goods to be handled must be knownl the frequency with which it is picked and whether it is fast or slow moving comparing to other items also need to be consideredlthe purpose to be served by the facility also need to be considered (emphasizes on the storage function or distribution function) .Why? Answer: lA storage facility with low rate of product turnover should be laid out in a way that maximize the utilization of the capacity of the storage facility.lA distribution-oriented facility attempts to maximize throughput rather than storage.Trade-offs lTrade-offs must be made among space, labor, and mechanization with respect to warehousing design.l Fixed versus variable slot locations lWith fix slot location, each SKU has permanent slots assigned to it---Pro and cons ? lstability, low space utilizationlVariable slot location involves empty slots being assigned to incoming products based on space availability --- Pros and cons ? lHigh space utilization, high requirement for IT Built out (horizontal) vs build up (vertical)lWhich way is cheaper? l A general rule of thumb is that its cheaper to build up than build out, particularly in certain location where land is expensivelHowever, a higher warehouse needs special equipment such as high-stacking truck, which generally cost more than the conventional equipment  Labor-intensive vs Mechanization vs Automationlwhat is the difference between M and A?lNote: True Automation refer to an absence of human intervention , such as AGVs ( automatic guided vehicles) lWhich way is more economical?lmostly depends on the volume of goods  Space devoted to aisles vs space devoted to storage.lAs aisles space increases, storage capacity decreaseslwhat is the advantage and disadvantage of wider aisles?lWider aisles make it easier to operate mechanical equipment, and reduce the chances of accidents lbut they increase travel distances lwhat about the narrower aisles?lNarrower aisles can increase the space utilization of a facility lbut often require special equipments, such as a narrow-aisle lift truck to do so  Picker-to-part vs part-to-pickerlIn picker-to-part system, an order picker gets to where a part is located, with forklift or other vehicle. lIn part-to-picker systems, the parts are brought to the picker with carousels or conveyor. The two systems involves trade-offs between human and mechanized travel time.Notes:l1. One common-sense piece of advice is that prior to designing a warehouse, the quantity and character of goods to be handled must be known. 一个常识性的建议就是在进行仓库的设计之前应该对此仓库将要处理的货物的性质和数量有所认识。

l2. A storage facility with low rate of product turnover should be laid out in a way that maximize the utilization of the capacity of the storage facility. 一个货物周转率低的储存设施在布局上应该做到最大化地利用它的存储容积l3. With fix slot location system, each SKU has permanent slots assigned to it, so the pickers always know where a certain SKU is located. 固定货位系统给每个库存单位货物分派一个固定的货位，因此拣货员总能知道某个库存单位的位置 l4. Since automation is a very high fixed-cost option, sufficient volume is needed to make it cost-effective. One expert suggests that this option become economical only when a facility handles at least 50 000 cartons per day. 因为自动化是一种固定成本非常高的方案，只有在货物数量充足的情况下这种方案才是划算的，一位专家建议，只有当每天处理的货物量达到至少50 000箱的时候，自动化才能具有成本效益。

l5. Narrower aisles can increase the space utilization of a facility but often require special equipments, such as a narrow-aisle lift truck to do so. 更狭窄的走道能够提高设施的空间利用率，但是往往需要特别的设备的辅助，比如窄巷道叉车Exercises:Please translate the following English sentences into Chinesel1. In contrast, distribution centers emphasize the rapid movement of products through a facility, and thus attempt to maximize throughput.l2. But more recently, contract warehousing (also referred to as third-party warehousing) has emerged as another warehousing alternative.l3. Although it can achieve more efficient space utilization, it requires advanced information system to keep track with the product locations. l4. True Automation refer to an absence of human intervention, such as AGVs (automatic guided vehicles), while mechanization refers to equipment that complete, rather than replace manual work. Debate Propositions:lAs mentioned in Text 6, mechanization and automation represent the high level of warehousing development. So the warehouses in China should also try to use less labor and more machines. 。