人教版高一英语必修一定语从句详解和练习.doc

1定语从句一、定义及相关术语1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等关系词通常有下列三个作用：A 、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2、whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.【注意】关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3、which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 4、that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which.在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 注：that 与 which 用法区别(1)只 用 which, 不 用 that 的 情 况 (a) 在 引 导 非 限 定 性 定 语 从 句 时 ,只 能 用 which (错 )The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介 词 后 用 which, 不 能 用 that。

We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只 能 用 that 作 为 定 语 从 句 的 关 系 代 词 的 情 况 (a) 在 there be 句 型 中 ， 只 用 that， 不 用 which 2(b) 在 不 定 代 词 ， 如 ： anything, nothing, the one, all, little, few, much 等 作 先 行 词 时 ，只 用 that， 不 用 which (c) 先 行 词 有 the only, the very, the same, the last, just 修 饰 时 ， 只 用 that (d) 先 行 词 为 序 数 词 、 数 词 、 形 容 词 最 高 级 时 ， 只 用 that,不 能 用 which . (e) 先 行 词 既 有 人 ， 又 有 物 时 (f) 先 行 词 指 物 ， 在 主 句 中 作 表 语 时 ． 举 例 ： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这 是 你 在 图 书 馆 借 的 那 本 书 吗 ？ Who that break the window should be punished． 谁 打 碎 了 窗 户 都 要 受 到 惩 罚 ． All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所 需 的 只 是 供 油 问 题 。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那 贼 最 终 把 偷 的 全 部 东 西 交 给 了 警 察 5、Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 【注意】指物时，常用下列结构来代替：the+n.+of+ whichThe classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?= Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 6. 五、关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。

具体情况是：1、as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句 3which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 【注意】① 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用 whichTom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. ② 当先行词受 such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用 as。

He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 二、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to this schoolThe time when we got together finally arrived. 2、where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 注：当先行词是 case， point, stage, situation 等表示状况，阶段，某方面的词时也要用where3、why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 【注意】关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。

关 系 副 词 =介 词 +关 系 代 词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 三、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.= The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I\'ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.= Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.= This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 4【注意】1、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如：look for, look after, take care of 等This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) →This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)→The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）2、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用 whom，不可用 who 和 that；关系代词指物时只可用 which，不可用 that关系代词是所有格时用 whoseThe man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) →The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)→The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)3、 “介词+关系代词”前还可有 。