2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷92.docx

2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The Indian wars greatly（  ） the dangers of frontier life.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.challengedC.multipliedD.enriched【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析accumulate “积聚；堆积”；challenge“挑战”；multiply “繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich “使丰富”句意：印度战争极大增加了边境生命的危险性选项C符合题意2. 单选题The microscope can（  ） the object 50 times in diameter.问题1选项A.increaseB.multiplyC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析increase “增加；加大”；multiply “乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘”；enlarge “扩大；使增大；扩展”；magnify “放大；夸大”句意：显微镜可以使物体在直径上放大50倍选项D符合题意3. 单选题The recent news of the successful cloning of an adult sheep — in which the sheep’s DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA — has generated an outpouring of ethical concerns. These concerns are not about Dolly, the now famous sheep, nor even about the considerable impact cloning may have on the animal breeding industry, but rather about the possibility of cloning humans. For the most part, however, the ethical concerns being raised are exaggerated and misplaced, because they are based on erroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore, lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of its significance.Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a “ carbon copy ” —an automaton of the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate people — biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically — so to embrace a belief in genetic determinism — the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false.As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their “expression”. The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, such as height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligence to compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers to be limited and indirect. Indeed, we need only appeal to our ordinary experience with identical twins—that they are different people despite their similarities—to appreciate that genetic determinism is false.Furthermore, because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably always be riskier—that is, less likely to result in a live birth — that in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. For example, it took more than 275 attempts before the researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While cloning methods may improve, we should note that even standard IVF techniques typically have success rate of less than 20 percent. So why would anyone go to the trouble of cloning? 1.What process resulted in the successful cloning of an adult sheep?2.According to the essay, in what respect the relationship between a cloned human being and its counterpart is similar to the relationship of twins?3.What does the concept of genetic determinism state?4.What are examples of genetic contribution?5.According to the passage, where does the danger of cloning lie in?问题1选项A.In vitro fertilization.B.Embryo transfer.C.The insertion of a mature sheep’s DNA into an unfertilized egg.D.The adoption of physical and genetic characteristics.问题2选项A.Both a cloned human being and a part of twins have the same conceptions of morality.B.The environment one is born into affects their conceptions of reality.C.The connection is strictly genetic.D.The similarities are biological, legal, moral and psychological.问题3选项A.That each individual’s DNA determines their capabilities in life regardless of environmental morality.B.Environmental factors greatly influence persons’ actions and beliefs.C.Both genes and environments determine human traits.D.Identical twins have the capacity to be completely independent beings and have individual ideas.问题4选项A.Hair and eye color.B.A child’s attitude towards their parents.C.A person’s values.D.Fashion style.问题5选项A.The power of technology.B.Ethical and moral issues.C.The mistaken understanding of its significance.D.The exact replication of dangerous people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话提到 in which the sheep’s DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA, 所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到克隆人的产生就像一对完全相同的双胞胎接着指出双胞胎是两个人，除了基因相似外，生理、心理、道德和法律上都是相对独立的，所以选项A、C、D可以排除，选项B符合题意3.文章第二段…the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events。