新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第四册Unit 5 Section AChoose to Be Alone on Purpose.ppt

Text Study Idea Sharing Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Writing Understanding Reproduction Structure Analysis Summary45A. The Way to Develop This TextI. Structure Analysis Arguments + Narration + Examples + ComparisonThe text focuses on a social phenomenon— choosing to be alone on purpose. What people think of living alone, who prefers living alone, the life of the solitary people, and what the writer advises for living alone. Text Study—Structure Analysis45Narration123-1011-1314-16Ways of DevelopmentParagraphsText Study—Structure AnalysisArguments + Examples + ComparisonArguments + ComparisonArguments + Narration + ExamplesArguments + Narration45Para.1 Living alone is a ______________ phenomenon in U.S.A.Para.2 People think of living alone as _______________ or _______________ _________________.Paras.3~10 ______, and ___________ prefer living alone for inspiration.Paras.11~13 The life of the solitary people and their need ________. Paras.14~16 The author advises people to ________, _________ and ______________________.common sociala national disease a characteristic of American heroesPoetsphilosophersstay rationalsettle downmake themselves comfortableText Study—Structure AnalysisB. Complete the Main Ideasto talk45II. Question Answering1.Why is loneliness a sort of national disease in the US?Because there are altogether 22 million of people living alone intheir rooms in the US.Text Study—Understanding452. Why do poets like solitude? Because they get inspiration from it, and they feel good about themselvesfor seeking it out.Text Study—Understanding453. What can be learned from Thoreau’s choice of the solitary way of life?The more positive one is toward oneself, the less the need for staying with others.Text Study—Understanding454. Why is it important for a person living alone to talk to others?Because it is a basic need of a solitary person.Text Study—Understanding455. Who may the person living in solitude talk to?They may call friends to tell them important things, or talk to himself, his pets, the television, or even tostrangers in the supermarket.Text Study—Understanding45While loneliness is very common in the U.S., few people care to admit to it because it is perceived as (1)_______________________. It is seen as admirable for American heroes to bravely go alone into the wilderness and for poets and philosophers (2)(2)________________________________. Some poets and philosophers, like William Wordsworth and John Milton and Henry David Thoreau, enjoy (3(3)____________________. When an individualsome sort of social diseaseto seek out solitudeinspiration from solitudeIII. SummaryText Study—Summary45is not solitary out of choice, the experience is (4)(4)______________________________________________________________. It is (5)(5)_____________ to talk to someone not only about the big things but also about the little daily things. As a consequence, lonely people will talk about the little things to themselves, the cat, the dog and, (6)(6)____________________________________, to total strangers. Therefore, it’s important for ordinary people to (7)______________, make themselves comfortable at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in their home. both less enjoyable and productiveour basic needmost embarrassinglystay rationalText Study—Summary45Role: the host; the writer (Henry David Thoreau; John Milton; William Wordsworth)Task: Advantages and disadvantages of living in solitude.IV. ReproductionGroup Work: A Talk Show on TV Text Study—Reproduction45 Active Expressions Focus Study45In English, you may find some expressionsformed by very common words, but theyare active and powerful. • What’s on at the cinema tonight? • 今晚电影院上演上演什么？• What’s he up to? •他忙忙什么呢？e.g.e.g.I. Active ExpressionsNotes to the Text—Active Expressions 451. On the other hand, to be alone on purpose, …, is one characteristic of an American hero. 2. They’re all for it. 3. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, … 4. … and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight … 5. …, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Find out the active expressions:Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 451. on purpose… not by accident; deliberately 2. be all for sth. support completely3. speak highly of praise4. set forth… start a journey 5. for the time being… for a short period of time from now; temporarily …Active ExpressionsNotes to the Text—Active Expressions 451. 杰克一直让我很烦,我想他是故意那样干的。

2. 我完全赞成人们享乐3. 见到你真高兴——我太太总是夸你4. 他们即将启航前往一个未知的世界5. 你可以暂时住在那个空房间里TranslationNotes to the Text—Active Expressions 451. Jack’s been really annoying me and I think he’s doing it on purpose.2. I’m all for people enjoying themselves. 3. I’m so pleased to meet you — my wife has always spoken very highly of you. 4. They were about to set forth on a voyage into the unknown. 5. You can stay in the spare room for the time being. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 45II. Focus StudyNotes to the Text—Focus Study 1.I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. Practice not/never so … as 不如……那么……我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。

Translation45① The unity of the masses with the party is stronger than ever.② I’ve heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but this one is louder.③ Men are more peaceful, more graceful with each other than ever.Notes to the Text—Focus Study Change the sentences with “not/never so … as”Keys Keys 45① The unity of the masses with the party is never so strong as it is now.② I’ve heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but never so loud as this one.③ Men are never so peaceful, so graceful with each other as they are now.Notes to the Text—Focus Study Key 45Notes to the Text—Focus Study 2. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Practice might as well do sth. 不妨; 还是……为好45• 我们不妨一块儿去。

• 你不妨给客户服务部打个谈谈这事• We might as well go together.• You might as well phone the customer service department about it.Notes to the Text—Focus Study TranslationKey 45Notes to the Text—Focus Study 3. It’s good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman …, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself. Discussion 这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西Translation45Notes to the Text—Focus Study •Where is the woman?•Who is telling the cashier about what?•Why did the woman buy the powdered hot chocolate mix? •In front of us in line at the market. •She’s telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate…•Her niece Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate. Tips Discussion  Old to New Chinese to English Word Using Word Game451. tame vt. to make sb. or sth. easy to controlA group of policemen were called out to tame the crowds.Words and Expressions—Word Using 一队警察被叫来制服人群。

Can you say some words with “-ame” at the end?TranslationKeyI. Word Using45Words and Expressions—Word Using ①blame②came③fame④flame⑤frame⑥game⑦name⑧same⑨shame⑩tame近近近近形形形形词词词词45 2. commodity n. ① sth. that is useful or necessaryTime is the most valuablecommodity that we possess. 时间是我们拥有的最有价值的东西Words and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKey452. commodity n. ② a substance or product that can be bought or soldCommodity boom departednearly as quickly as it arrived. 商品繁荣来得快去得也快。

Words and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKey453. creep vi. to move slowly and quietlyJohn would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.Words and Expressions—Word Using 约翰会悄悄溜进楼座去听歌手唱歌TranslationKey454. dictate v. ① to say sth. for sb. else to write downl She’s dictating a letter to her secretary right now.l The teacher dictated a passage to the class. l 她现在正在给秘书口述一封信l 老师让班上的学生听写了一篇文章 Words and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKey454. dictate (sth.) to sb. v. ② to tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behaveWords and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKeyl You can’t dictate to people how they should live.l I refuse to be dictated to by him. l 不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活。

l 我拒绝听从他的指使455. humble a. not proud; low in rank my humble apology a humble scientist men of humble birtha humble occupation鄙人的道歉谦虚的科学家出身卑微的人低贱的职业Words and Expressions—Word Using Collocation456. apology n. a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth. wrong or for upsetting sb.demand an apologyaccept one’s apologyowe sb. an apologymake an apology要求道歉接受某人的道歉应向某人道歉作出道歉Words and Expressions—Word Using psychology biology sociology technology Collocation近形词近形词45Words and Expressions—Word Using dict, dic说，宣称说，宣称dictatedictationdictionaryconditionpredictindicateindicationcontradictcontradiction同根词同根词457. -proof protecting against the damaging effect of sth. else waterproof watches a bulletproof cara soundproof roomairproof pipes provide risk-proof services防水手表防弹汽车隔音的房间密封的管道提供风险防范服务Words and Expressions—Word Using Collocation458. observation n. ① the process of watching sb. or sth. carefully for a period of timea study based on detailed observation of a group of 20 patientsWords and Expressions—Word Using 一项基于对一组20位患者详细观察的研究TranslationKey458. observation n. ② a spoken or written remark about sth. you have noticedI’d like to make a few observations about the current style of management.Words and Expressions—Word Using 我想对当前的管理方式提出一些看法。

TranslationKey45Words and Expressions—Word Using serv服务服务保持保持 conservedeservepreserveserveserviceobservereserveservantobserverobservationconservationconservativereservationreservoir同根词同根词459. back up to support sb., esp. in an argumentPeggy would back me upif she were here.Words and Expressions—Word Using 要是佩吉在这儿，她一定会支持我的说法TranslationKey4510. at length in great detail; at last• 不要过分详尽地讨论这个项目• 公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟• Don’t discuss the project at excessive length.• At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late.Words and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKey4511. settle down to become quiet and calm or make sb. do this自开学以来，希拉似乎已经安定多了。

Sheila seems to have settled down more since school started.Words and Expressions—Word Using TranslationKey45II. Old to Newalone; lonelypoems in generalnot great or importanthighest in rank/degreefairnessstart a journeyblock up; supporthave a great liking for• solitary• poetry• humble• supreme• justice• set forth / out / off• back up• be fond ofWords and Expressions—Old to New 45独自地根据最近的统计一种民族弊病另一方面冒险出去征服大自然• all by oneself• by recent count• a sort of national disease• on the other hand• venture out• tame natureIII. Chinese to EnglishWords and Expressions—C to E 45独处带来的灵感对……给予高度评价穿上外衣独处高士装满熬夜• inspiration in solitude• speak highly of• put on one’s coat• high priest of solitude• fill up• stay up lateWords and Expressions—C to E 45一口气地按自己的节奏摔倒在打滑的地板上每日不断发生的小小抱怨最高法院新来的法官极大的努力• at one sitting• at one’s own pace• fall on a slippery floor• the daily succession of small complaints• a new Supreme Court justice• supreme effortWords and Expressions—C to E 45与某人争论某事花样滑冰选手保持理性安静下来；定居以自我为中心的暂时• argue with sb. over sth. • figure skater• stay rational• settle down• self-centered• for the time beingWords and Expressions—C to E 45IV. Word GameWords and Expressions— Word GameThere are approximately homophonous words (谐音词) in Chinese and English. It helps greatly memorize English words. Listen to some Chinese words andguess their English equivalents.45cushion 坐垫kettle 水壶ego 自我apology 道歉soak 浸泡slippery 滑的parcel 包裹volcano 火山 苦省 开透 衣钩 啊，跑了鸡 馊客 四里坡犁扒手我开闹Words and Expressions— Word Game Debate45Debate Young couples and their parentsshould live separatelyYoung couples and their parentsshould live togetherIdea sharing  Structured Writing Practical Writing45One of the writing techniques to develop the main ideas is making comparison and contrast.I. Structured WritingSampleStructured Writing 45Expressions for Comparison & Contrast① b e si m i la r to ; si m i la r ly ; lik ewi s e; b ot h ; in the same way; resemble; just as; compared with; like; too ② d i ffe r from ; b e d i ffe r ent from ; u nl ik e; in contrast to; on the other hand; on the contrary; by/in contrast; however; otherwise; nevertheless; but; while; whereas; yet; although; than; rather thanStructured Writing 45Complete the following sentences:1.__________ to living on the farm, living in the city is an intense struggle to survive in a concrete wasteland.2. Before 1880 many people died of smallpox; _______, the percentage of deaths from smallpox is small today.3. The development of transportation and the development of communications __________ in many ways.4. There is ______ hard work in writing than in physical labor.In contrast howeverare similarmoreStructured Writing 45Paragraph and Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic sentence. Sample 1Structured Writing 45Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator—whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation—ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion: the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modern creative writing, most well- written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure. Structured Writing 45Sample 2Ways of manners are different between America and Japan. For example, Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese people eat with chopsticks. Another example is that Americans say “Hi” when they meet, while Japanese bow. Besides, many Americans open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan. In fact, that’s just the different ways of expressing kindness.Structured Writing 45Write one paragraph based on the following topic:Railways and Automobile Roads Structured Writing Your TaskReference45 Railways and Automobile Roads Some people say that railways are more important than automobile roads. But in my opinion, automobile roads and railways complement each other. Railways do not touch small places, while automobile roads can be constructed to reach every place, even villages situated in remote corners of the country. SampleStructured Writing 45Railways are constructed only for the trains, but roads will prove equally useful for bicycles, carriages and other kinds of vehicles. The cost of building automobile roads is also such lower than that of building railways. Structured Writing 45ReceiptA receipt is a written statement that proves one has received something, especially money. It is usually in a fixed format with the title of the company, the receipt number and the stamp of the company. What needs to be filled out includes the date, the amount of money and the receiver’s signature.Practical Writing II. Practical Writing45Sample1 (Formal)Nanning ARTS & CRAFT IMP. & EXP. CORP.Nanning ARTS & CRAFT IMP. & EXP. CORP.¥ 350, 000¥ 350, 000No. 618No. 618Nanning, Apr. 15, 2009Nanning, Apr. 15, 2009RECEIVED from Mr. Wang MengRECEIVED from Mr. Wang MengThe sum of three hundred and fifty thousand The sum of three hundred and fifty thousand yuanyuanonly by checkonly by check ¥ 350,000¥ 350,000Signature ____________ receiver stampSignature ____________ receiver stampPractical Writing 45Sample 2 (Informal) No. 618 Nanning, May 25, 2009No. 618 Nanning, May 25, 2009 RECEIVED from Mr. Nong Hua the sum of four RECEIVED from Mr. Nong Hua the sum of four thousand thousand yuanyuan RMB RMB only by check only by check ¥ 4, 000.00.¥ 4, 000.00. Signature ____________ Signature ____________Practical Writing 45Write a receipt for Mr. Robert Lee to certify that you received $ 500 from him on March 8, 2009.Practical Writing Your Task45To Section BThe End of Section A。