现代大学英语精读1lesson1halfaday.ppt
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Half a DayNaguib Mahfouz Book 1Book 1Lesson 1The PPT is for self-study. Some of the contents will be tested in exams. Part One: Warm-upPart Two: Background InformationPart Three: Text AppreciationPart Four: Language Study Part Five: ExtensionBook 1Book 1Lesson 1ContentsBTLEW Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart TwoPart TwoENTER Lesson 1 – Half a Day I. Author II. His worksIII.The world in his worksIV. Creator of the UniverseV. Different names of GodBackground InformationBackground InformationBackground InformationBackground Information Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. He studied philosophy at King Faud I (now Cairo) University, graduating in 1934. He worked in university administration and then in 1939 he worked for the Ministry of Islamic Affairs. He was later Head of the State Cinema Organization at the Ministry of Culture. He also worked as a journalist. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Author I. Author To be continued on the next page. Although widely translated, his works are not available in most Middle Eastern countries because of his support of Sadat’s Camp David initiative. In 1994 he survived an assassination attempt by Islamic extremists.He is married, has two daughters and lives in Cairo.Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. AuthorI. AuthorTo be continued on the next page. Camp David Accords: popular name for the historic peace accords in 1978 between Israel and Egypt. The official agreement was signed on Mar. 26, 1979, in Washington, D.C. by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat, with U.S. President Jimmy Carter signing as a witness. Under the pact, which was denounced by other Arab states, Israel agreed to return the Sinai to Egypt, a transfer that was completed in 1982. In a joint letter the two nations also agreed to negotiate Palestinian autonomy measures in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, but in fact no progress was made on this issue before Sadat’s assassination in Oct., 1981.Lesson 1 – Half a DayTo be continued on the next page.I. AuthorI. Author Lesson 1 – Half a DayThe University of CairoThe University of CairoThe end of Author. Lesson 1 – Half a Day II. His works II. His worksNaguib Mahfouz was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature, in 1988. He has been described as "a Dickens of the Cairo cafés" and "the Balzac of Egypt". He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated throughout the Arabic-speaking world. To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.His worksHis worksThe Cairo Trilogy in 1957 made him famous throughout the Arab world as a depicter of traditional urban life.Each book in the trilogy was named after a suburb of Cairo. The first, Palace Walk; The second, Palace of Desire; The third book, Sugar Street.The end of His works. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII. The world in his worksIII. The world in his worksThe picture of the world as it emerges from the bulk of Mahfouz’s work is very gloomy indeed, though not completely disappointing. It shows that the author’s social utopia is far from being realized. Mahfouz seems to conceive of time as a force of oppression. His novels have consistently shown time as the bringer of change, and change as a very painful process, and very often time is not content until it has dealt his heroes the final blow of death. To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII. The world in his works III. The world in his works To sum up, in Mahfouz’s dark description of the world there are only two bright spots. These consist of man's continuing struggle for equality on the one hand and the promise of scientific progress on the other; meanwhile, life is a tragedy. The end of The world in his works. Lesson 1 – Half a Day IV. Creator of the Universe IV. Creator of the UniverseI have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded. Isa 45:12 I am the creator of the Universe.I am the Father and Mother of the Universe.Everything came from me.Everything shall return to me.Mind, spirit and body are my temples,for the Self to realize in themMy Supreme Being and Becoming.prayer for the new age—MaitreyaChristians believe that the world was created by God. So here “Creator” means God.The end of Creator of the Universe. Lesson 1 – Half a DayV. DV. Different names of Godifferent names of God Answer: EL: God "mighty, strong, prominent" (Gen 7:1; Isa 9:6)ELOHIM: God "Creator, Mighty and Strong" (Gen 17:7; Jer 31:33)EL SHADDAI: "God Almighty or" "God All Sufficient" (Gen 49:24; Mic 2:1)ADONAI: "Lord" (Gen 15:2; Judges 6:15)YAHWEH / JEHOVAH: "LORD" (Deut 6:4; Dan 9:14)YAHWEH-YIREH: "The Lord will Provide" (Gen 22:14)To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day YAHWEH-ROPHE: "The Lord Who Heals" (Isa 61:1)YAHWEH-NISSI: "The Lord Our Banner" (Exo 1:15)YAHWEH-M'KADDESH: "The Lord Who Sanctifies" (Lev 20:8)YAHWEH-SHALOM: "The Lord Our Peace" (Judges 6:24)YAHWEH-ELOHIM: "LORD God" (Gen 2:4; Psa 59:5)YAHWEH-TSIDKENU: "The Lord Our Righteousness" (Jer 33:16)YAHWEH-ROHI: "The Lord Our Shepherd" (Psa 23:1)V. DV. Different names of Godifferent names of God To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayV. DV. Different names of Godifferent names of God YAHWEH-SHAMMAH: "The Lord is There" (Eze 48:35)YAHWEH-SABAOTH: "The Lord of Hosts" (Isa 1:24; Psa 46:7)EL ELYON: "Most High" (Deut 26:19)EL ROI: "God of Seeing" (Gen 16:13)EL-OLAM: "Everlasting God" (Psa 90:1-3)EL-GIBHOR: "Mighty God" (Isa 9:6)The end of Different names of God. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart TwoPart TwoThis is the end of Part Two. Please click HOME to visit other parts. Lesson 1 – Half a Day Part ThreePart ThreeENTER Text AppreciationText AppreciationLesson 1 – Half a Day I. Text Analysis 1. General Analysis 2. Thematic Analysis 3. Structure 4. Further DiscussionII. Writing Devices Short sentencesIII.Sentence Paraphrase Lesson 1 – Half a Day Plot of the story Setting of the story Protagonists of the story Writing techniques of the story Theme of the storyI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisDiscuss these questions with your partners.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day Plot: a little boy’s first time to go to school Setting: on the way to school at school on the way home Protagonists: “I” –the boy in the story Writing techniques: go to Writing devices Theme of the story: go to the next pageI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFor reference.The end of General Analysis. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisThematic Analysis1. All my clothes are new.2. School makes useful men out of boys.3. My misgivings had had no basis.4. Our path was not totally sweet and unclouded.5. The lady would sometimes smile, but yell and scold often. 6. The streets lined with the gardens disappeared.7. I turned out to be a grandpa.Change is everywhere, from my clothes, to my opinions, to my life and finally to my appearance. Not only I but also the lady and the society are changing, too. Everything is changing!To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText Analysis the street crowded with cars, high buildings, rubbish and childrenWhat changes are conveyed?changes on my partchanges on other people’s part clothes my view on school my outer appearance the lady’s attitude toward uschanges in the societyThematic AnalysisTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisTheme of the storyThe following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners.q Time and tide wait for no man.q Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change.q Education can never keep up with changes in society.q Life is short and time is precious.q Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously.Time goes by quickly and many things can take place in your lifetime. Before you know it, a new society is born.The end of Thematic Analysis. Part 1 (paras. ) about:Part 2 (paras. ) about:Part 3 (paras. ) about:Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisStructure of the text1—78—1617—20The boy’s misgivings about school.How the boy felt about school.Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.The end of Structure. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFurther discussion on the textRead the following suggestions made by the father. Which ones do you agree with and which ones not? Have you ever been given some suggestions by your parents when entering the university? List them out.q School is a place that makes useful men out of boys.q Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?q Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others.q Be a man.q Today you truly begin life.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFurther discussion on the textFrom the description between Para. 8 and Para. 16, we can see different aspects of school life. Try to list as many aspects as possible in the following table.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFurther discussion on the textIn the last part of the text, the boy walked out of the school to find that the outside world had changed beyond measure. How might he feel about the changes? List exact words that support your choice.He was _____. frightened surprised angry puzzled excited satisfied delighted sad indifferent criticalTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayHow did the boy feel the first day he went to school?What happened the first day at school?How did the boy like school life?Was school life just a matter of playing and fooling around?What did he see on his way home?I. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFurther discussion on the textThe end of Further Discussion. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesNow observe the following paragraph carefully. What strikes you most? I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (Para. 11) The great use of short and simple sentences!To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesMore examples:I walked a few steps, then came to a startled halt. Good Lord! Where was the street lined with gardens? Where had it disappeared to? When did all these cars invade it? And when did all these people come to rest on its surface? How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? And where were the fields that bordered it? High buildings had taken over, the street was full of children, and disturbing noises shook the air. (Para. 17)Good God! I was in a daze. My head spun. I almost went crazy. … (Para. 18)Why did the author prefer to use short and simple sentences?To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Writing DevicesWriting Devicesthe abundant use of short and simple sentences to achieve1. the effect of one person’s thoughts/thinking2. the effect of rapid change of things and a feeling of confusionechoing the style of the text (The story is told as a reflection. Thinking is sometimes disconnected.)echoing the theme of the textTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesThe short sentence, ordinarily containing one concisely worded assertion, is good to give point and crispness to a thought. When you wish to make an important definition, statements of weighty truth, or an emphatic assertion, short sentences are often appropriate.The following short sentences are quotable, emphatic, and to the point:Economy is the art of making the most of life. —G. B. ShawLove is as necessary to the human being as food and shelter.In what cases should we use short sentences?The end of Writing Devices. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 1Sentence Paraphrase 1I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. (1) I walked next to my father, holding his right hand.present participle as adverbial modifierMore examples from the textgo to 2To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase 1. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)2. “I’m not punishing you,” he said, laughing. (4)3. The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. (17)back to 1 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 2Sentence Paraphrase 2They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)“As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason.go to 3More examplesBut my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase1. The moment I saw him, I recognized he was the criminal the police were looking for.2. The year I was born, my father was working towards a PhD degree.3. The day Hans Christian Andersen returned to his hometown, almost all the people turned out to greet him.back to 2 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 3Sentence Paraphrase 3 My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)My mother stood at the window watching our slow and difficult movement towards the school, and I looked back at her frequently, hoping she would stop my father taking me to school.present participle phrase, acting as adverbial of accompanying circumstancesgo to 4More examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms. (2)past participle phrase used here to modify “a street” and “fields” respectively. It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short.We walked along a street, on both sides of which there are gardens and fields where crops, pears and date palms are planted. More examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase What is the language spoken in that area?= that is spokenThey are problems left over by history.= which have been leftback to 3 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 4Sentence Paraphrase 4“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?” (3)elliptical questionWhy do I have to go to school? I don’t think I’ve done anything wrong to be punished like this.rhetorical questiongo to 5 More examplesMore examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase1.Father: We’ll go to Tianjin this weekend.2. Daughter: What for? 3. (Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin?)4.2. — Hi!5. — Morning!6. — Got troubles?7. — Sure have.8. — Lost a friend?9. — No, just tired.10. — Up late last night?11. — Yeah. Big party.back to 4Elliptical questions are common in spoken English. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 5Sentence Paraphrase 5go to 6Rhetorical question—one that expresses strong feeling or opinion and doesn’t require an answer. It is used to say something more positively than in a statement.n Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?n Can’t you see I’m busy? (Don’t disturb me!)n What good is a promise for an unemployed worker?n Does nothing ever worry you? (I don’t understand how you can be so carefree.)Question form, definite answeroften used in argument and/or persuasion Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 6Sentence Paraphrase 6I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.(5)I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.to (make sb.) leave a place unwillingly because one has togo to 7gerund as the object of the prepositionMore examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase1.We had difficulty in finding a parking lot.2.2. There’s no point in waiting.3.3. I’m not keen on gambling. I’m too afraid of losing.4.4. I have no objection to hearing your story again.back to 6 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 7Sentence Paraphrase 7… we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. (6)go to 8adjective phrase as an attributive modifier… we could see the courtyard, which is huge and crowded with boys and girls.More examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase1. There’s nothing wrong with the computer.2. Can you recommend some books easy for freshmen to read?3. I met Sally, angry at me as always, at the party.4. It was a conference fruitful of results.back to 7When used as an attribute modifier, adjective phrases are often placed after the noun. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 8Sentence Paraphrase 8 You will find me waiting for you when it’s time to leave. (7)I’ll come to fetch you when school is over. I’ll be waiting for you here at the gate.object complementgo to 9find + obj + v-ingMore examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase1.When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.2.2. I found a tree lying across the road.3.3. If she catches you reading her diary, she’ll be furious.4.4. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.5.5. The words immediately set us all laughing.back to 8This structure is very common in verbs like “see, hear, feel, watch, notice”. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 9Sentence Paraphrase 9A lady came along, followed by a group of men. (11) A lady came toward us; arriving after her were a group of men. go to 10past participle as an adverbial modifier of mannerMore examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence ParaphraseSentence ParaphraseNow use the correct form of each verb to fill in the blanks. combine, give, guide 1. ____ by the teachers, all the students are studying very hard.2. ____ enough time, I’ll complete the job in time.3. ____ with practice, theory may be learned easily.back to 91.Guided2.Given3.Combined Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 10Sentence Paraphrase 10We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard… (11)We were made to stand in different places to form regular lines or shapes in the big courtyard.go to 11 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 11Sentence Paraphrase 11… from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (11)… on one side of the courtyard was a building with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen.Or… from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.go to 12 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 12Sentence Paraphrase 12 Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. (13)Well, perhaps my doubt, worry and fear about what school would be like were all groundless.OrWell, it seemed that I was wrong to think that school was a dreadful place.go to 13 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 13Sentence Paraphrase 13It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing pletelyto waste time instead of doing sth. that you should be doinggo to 14 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 14Sentence Paraphrase 14In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16)Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.there is no possibility of go to 15 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 15Sentence Paraphrase 15Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. (16)We would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like.Or The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.onlygo to 16 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 16Sentence Paraphrase 16Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. (16)If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.relative clause modifying “those”relative clause modifying “opportunities”go to 17 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 17Sentence Paraphrase 17How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? (17) How did the street come to be covered with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from? to arrive or get to a placego to 18 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 18Sentence Paraphrase 18Here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets. (17) Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.an inverted sentence due to long subjectgo to 19More examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase 1. There are some exceptions to this reaction.2. Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it.3. In no case should we waste our time.4. There goes the bell.5. Away hurried the customers.back to 18 Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 19Sentence Paraphrase 19Then there was a band announcing the opening of a circus, with clowns and weight lifters walking in front. (17)Then there was a band that was announcing the opening of a circus. The clowns and weight lifters were walking in its front.“With+n.+doing” construction is used adverbially modifying “announcing”.More examplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase 1. He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.)2. Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle)3. She can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do)4. He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (with + n. + adv.)The end of Sentence Paraphrase. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart ThreePart ThreeThis is the end of Part Three. Please click HOME to visit other parts. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart FourPart FourENTER Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Word Study II. Phrases and Expressions III.Word BuildingIV. Grammar Language StudyLanguage Study Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord StudyWord list:1.clutch2.convince3.vast4.intricate5.overlook6. variety7. revolve8.present9.trace10.daze Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study1. clutch (1) vt. to hold sth. or sb. tightly, esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose somethingExamples: Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach. A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly woman’s purse.Synonymshold seizegripgraspgrabsnatchTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Studyclutch at (2) to try hard to hold sth., esp. when you’re in a dangerous situationExample:A drowning man will clutch at a straw. (to try hard to find a sign of hope or a solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation)Synonymcatch at Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study 2. convince vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is trueExamples: I couldn’t convince him of his mistake. How can I convince you of my sincerity? I managed to convince them that the story was true. a convincing argument convincing evidence Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study3. vast (1) a. extremely large; spreading a great distance Examples:The vast plains of this country spread for hundreds of miles.He is very valuable to his employer because of his vast experience in the business.hugeimmenseenormousgiganticmassive giantcolossal mammothtremendoustitanicSynonymsTo be continued on the next page. Examples: The group of actors was brought from New York to London at vast expense. The refugees came across the border in vast numbers. The vast majority of young people don’t take drugs.vast (2)Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study a. containing many detailed parts which make it difficult to understandExamples: It is an intricate idea and would need a lot of intricate work. A touch of paranoia is not a bad thing to bring to the computer-software business, where shifting alliances, rapid technological changes and intricate co-dependencies make plotting long-term strategies hazardous.4. intricateTranslation踏入电脑软件这个行业，带点妄想并不是件坏事，因为在这个行业里，业者间分分合合，科技日新月异，互依的关系错综复杂，制定长期发展策略反倒危险。
Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study5. overlook vt. a. to have a view of sth. from above b. to fail to see or notice; pay no attention to Examples:• Our room overlooks the ocean.• My garden is overlooked by the neighbours.• I’m afraid I overlooked your name; I’ll add it to the list immediately.• I’ll overlook your mistake this time.Synonymsneglect ignore Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study6. variety (1) n. number or range of different thingsExamples: The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors. The students come from a variety of different backgrounds.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine. She didn’t like the work, because it lacked variety; she was doing the same things all the time. Variety is the spice of life. (=Doing a lot of different things, meeting different people, etc. is what makes life interesting.)variety (2) n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all timesWord formationsvary (v.)various (a.)varied (a.)variable (n. & a.)variation (n.)variant (n.)ExamplesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study Translation1) Customs vary from country to country.2) Human nature, in all its many and varied forms, is very complex and hard to understand.3)Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,4) I like boiling best.4) There are wide regional variations in house price.5) There are too many variables in the experiment to predict the result accurately.6) Consumers’ preferences are so variable that planning is almost impossible.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study 1) 风俗随国家不同而有所风俗随国家不同而有所变化变化。
2) 人类本性，多种多样，人类本性，多种多样，变化多端变化多端，复杂难解复杂难解3) 在在各种各样各种各样做鸡蛋的方法中，我最喜欢煮鸡蛋做鸡蛋的方法中，我最喜欢煮鸡蛋4) 房价有很大的地方性房价有很大的地方性差异差异5) 实验存在太多的实验存在太多的变量变量，无法准确预测实验结果无法准确预测实验结果6) 消费者的喜好是如此消费者的喜好是如此反复无常反复无常以致于不可能形成以致于不可能形成 什么计划什么计划 Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study7. revolve v. a. to spin around or make sth. spin around, on a central point b. (fig.) to think aboutExamples:The metal disc revolves at high speed.The earth revolves round the sun.The story revolves around a young girl who runs away from home.He revolved the matter in his head/mind.Synonyms spin rotate whirl Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study 8. present (1) v. (reflex) to appear; attendExamples:When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it.He was ordered to present himself at the chairman’s office at nine o’clock next morning.Word formationspresentation (n.)presentable (a.)To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study present (2) v. a. to give; offer; put forward; submit b. to show or reveal c. to put on; produce (a play)David’s manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.His sudden resignation presents us with a tricky situation.The National Theatre is presenting “King Lear” next month. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study9. trace (1) n. a. a small sign that shows that sb. or sth. was present or existed b. very small amount It vanished/disappeared/without trace. Petra’s lost all trace of her German accent. Age has left its traces on his face. There are traces of poison in the man’s blood. A mere trace of smile passed over her face.aabbaSynonymstrackvestigeTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord Study trace (2) v. a. to follow the marks to find sb. or sth. b. to find the origin of sth. c. to study or describe the history, development or progress of sth. Examples:She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.His book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women.Synonymsdiscoverfind track downWord formationtraceable (a.) Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. I.Word StudyWord StudyExamples: I’ve been wandering around in a daze all day. If someone gave you a heavy blow on the head, you would probably feel dazed. Dazed survivors staggered from the wreckage. 10. daze n. a confused state of mind v. to make (sb.) feel stupid or unable to think clearlyThe end of Word Study. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Phrases and ExpressionsII. Phrases and Expressions 1. throw sb. into/out of a place2. make (a useful man) out of a boy3. there is no good to be had in doing sth.4. cling to 5. burst into6. a matter of 7. fool around8. bring about 9. give rise to10. resort to 11. take advantage of12. in vain 13. find one’s way to14. show off 15. let up List: Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions1. throw sb. into/out of a place to force sb. to enter/leave a placeExamples:They’ll throw me out (of school) if I fail three exams.Nick got thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.Anyone who opposes the regime is liable to be thrown into jail/prison. Lesson 1 – Half a Day 2. make (a useful man) out of a boy to make a boy become usefulII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsExamples: The army made a man of him. The four brothers all made a success of their lives. He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was that we were making a mountain out of a molehill (小题大做小题大做). Lesson 1 – Half a DayExamples:There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you don’t have enough spare time to use it. I don’t see there is any good to be had in downsizing the company.3. There is no good to be had in doing sth. = It is no good/use doing sth.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsRelated phrasesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Dayit is no (not much) goodit is no (not any, hardly any, little) useit is uselessit is not the slightest useit is worth (worthwhile)there is no (good, use)Example:There is no good denying that women are playing an important role in the world today.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions+doing Lesson 1 – Half a Day to hold tightly; not release one’s grip onExamples:The little child clung to his mother for comfort.Some of the victims of the fire climbed out of the building, clung to the window ledges for a minute or two and then dropped to their death a hundred feet below.4. cling toII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsCollocationsTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsCf.cling to the beliefcling to the hopecling to one’s own viewcling to the habitcling to one’s possessionsCf.固守信念固守信念抱着一线希望抱着一线希望坚持己见坚持己见固守着某种习惯固守着某种习惯坚守财产不肯放弃坚守财产不肯放弃 Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions5. burst intoto begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing, etc.Example: Aunt Annabel, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst into tears.CollocationsTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day As the comic got into his stride, the audience burst into hoots of laughter/a guffaw. The aircraft crashed into the hillside and burst into flames. The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight. The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers/applause. Everyone on the bus burst into song as we got closer to home.1.哄堂大笑哄堂大笑2.突然起火突然起火3.竟相开放竟相开放4.发出雷鸣般的欢呼发出雷鸣般的欢呼/掌声掌声5.突然唱起歌来突然唱起歌来6.Similar expressionsTranslationII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day As they left the club the revellers broke into song/loud curses. I mentioned the incident later to a tailor friend and he burst out laughing/crying.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Lesson 1 – Half a DayExamples: Learning is a matter of seeing much, suffering much and studying much. The King’s mental state was becoming a matter of concern. Personally I can’t stand rock music, but I suppose it’s all a matter of opinion. I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.6. a matter ofa subject/situation that involves sth.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Lesson 1 – Half a Day to waste time behaving in a silly wayExamples:He spent the whole afternoon just fooling around.Stop fooling around otherwise you’ll never amount to anything.7. fool around/aboutRelated expressionsII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayCf.He noticed a strange-looking person hanging about the bus stop.I hung around the station for an hour but he never showed up.The children lingered on at the zoo until the closing time.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsTranslation1. 闲逛；闲荡闲逛；闲荡2. 等候等候3. 逗留逗留 Lesson 1 – Half a Day to make sth. happenExamples: Computers have brought about many changes in workplace. I offered to act as mediator and try to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties. That unpopular measure finally brought about the downfall of the government.8. bring aboutII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions“bring” phrasesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsCf.bring downbring forthbring forwardbring onbring outbring off bring inbring home to sb.Cf.打倒；打倒； 击落；降低击落；降低使产生使产生提出；使涌现出；显示提出；使涌现出；显示引起，导致；使发展（或前进）引起，导致；使发展（或前进）使（意义等）明白表示出来使（意义等）明白表示出来使成功；完成使成功；完成收（庄稼）等；引来，引进（风收（庄稼）等；引来，引进（风尚等）尚等）使某人深切地感到（或清楚地认使某人深切地感到（或清楚地认识到）识到） Lesson 1 – Half a Dayto be the reason why sth. esp. sth. bad or unpleasant happensExamples: Two phenomena are giving rise to world-wide concern—mass unemployment and mass migration into cities. Most people argued that poverty had given rise to the crimes in the town. 9. give rise toII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Lesson 1 – Half a Day to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solutionExamples: There is no right to resort to violence when you don’t get your way. Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims. Differences and disputes should be resolved through dialogue and negotiation rather than by resorting to force or terrorist actions.10. resort toII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Lesson 1 – Half a Day to use a particular situation to do or get what you wantExamples: I took advantage of the weather to paint the shed. Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!11. take advantage of II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions欺骗或捉弄欺骗或捉弄某人某人More phrasesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day For certain types of work wood has/ gains/wins advantages over plastic. New tax regulations had given them an advantage over their commercial rivals. You have the advantage of me. Candidates with computer skills will be at an advantage. Do take more exercise. It is to your advantage.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Translation 1. 胜过胜过; 优于优于 2. 给某人优势给某人优势 3. 较某人有利较某人有利; 比某比某 人强人强 4. 处于优势处于优势 5. 对某人有利对某人有利; 有利有利 于某人于某人 Lesson 1 – Half a Day without the desired resultExamples: I tried in vain to get Sue to come with us. Don’t let your time go by in vain. In vain did he try to convince the jury of his innocence.II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions12. in vain Lesson 1 – Half a Day to arrive or get to a placeExamples: After being lost for two days, the little dog finally found its way back to its owner’s house. Because of the dense fog, the traveller couldn’t find his way to his camp.13 find one’s way toII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsRelated phrasesTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Daymake one’s way to/towards the doorbow her way out of the roompush her way out of the hallshoulder her way through the crowdworm his way into the organizationbeg her way back homeinch one’s way up the mountainII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Translation1. 艰难地向门走去艰难地向门走去2. 边鞠躬边退出房间边鞠躬边退出房间3. 挤出大厅挤出大厅4. 推搡着挤出人群推搡着挤出人群5. 混入组织混入组织6. 一路乞讨回家一路乞讨回家7. 一步一步挪上山一步一步挪上山 Lesson 1 – Half a Day a. to attract attention to b. to try to impress people and make them admire your abilities, achievements or possessionExamples: It was said that Mrs. Perkins only went to church to show off her new clothes. She was always at any function or gathering where her accomplishments could be shown off. Pay no attention to Susan—she’s just showing off.14. show offII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Lesson 1 – Half a Day a. to stop or become less strong or serious b. to slacken one’s effortsExamples: When will the rain let up? Keep plodding away at your task, no matter how difficult it is; don’t let up on it.15. let upII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsThe end of Phrases and Expressions. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Word BuildingWord BuildingList:1. Prefix: uni-2. over-3.2. Root: var(i) Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII.III.Word BuildingWord Buildinguni-: uni-: one; singleone; singleuniaxialunicornunicameralunicellularunicycleunidirectionalunilateralunipedunipodunipolarunisexual（有）单轴的（有）单轴的独角兽独角兽（议会）一院（制）的（议会）一院（制）的单细胞（组成）的单细胞（组成）的单轮脚踏车单轮脚踏车单向性的单向性的一方的；单边的一方的；单边的独脚的；独腿的独脚的；独腿的独脚架独脚架单级的单级的单性的；雌雄异体的单性的；雌雄异体的 Lesson 1 – Half a Dayovertalkoverpraiseoverpayoveruseoverdrinkovereatoverworkovercharge过分多言过分多言过奖过奖多付（钱款）多付（钱款）使用过度使用过度饮酒过甚饮酒过甚吃得过多吃得过多过度劳累过度劳累索价太高索价太高over- (1): over- (1): to excess; too muchto excess; too muchIII.III.Word BuildingWord BuildingTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Dayover- (2): over- (2): above; across; beyondabove; across; beyondIII.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingoverbridgeovercoatovershoeoverflyoversea(s)overleapoverlook跨线桥；天桥跨线桥；天桥外套；外衣外套；外衣套鞋套鞋飞越飞越海外的海外的跳过跳过俯视俯视To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Dayover- (3): over- (3): upset upset III.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingoverturnoverthrowoverset倾覆，倾倒倾覆，倾倒推翻推翻翻转；翻倒翻转；翻倒 Lesson 1 – Half a Day Root: var(i): diverse；；to change III.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingvaryvariationvarious varietyvariedvariablevariant（使）不同；（使）变化（使）不同；（使）变化变异；差异变异；差异不同的；各式各样的不同的；各式各样的变化性；多样性变化性；多样性各种不同的；多变化的各种不同的；多变化的变量；变数变量；变数不同的；变异的；替换的不同的；变异的；替换的The end of Word Building. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIV.IV.GrammarGrammarmodal verb—modal verb—wouldwould1. to express past habits On Sundays he used to/would get up early and go fishing. He used to/would spend the whole day by the river and in the evening used to/would come home with marvellous stories of the fish he had nearly caught.2. to express a characteristic action, usually one which annoys the speaker Bill objects/objected.—He would object! (He always objects.)“ “Would” is used to describe a past routine.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Daymodal verb—modal verb—wouldwouldIV.IV.GrammarGrammar3. to comment on a past action —He actually got a job as an astrologer. —I wouldn’t have thought that it was possible to do that.4. to express past intention He knew he would be late. He said that he wouldn’t lend me a penny.To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIV.IV.GrammarGrammarmodal verb—modal verb—wouldwould5. would think so/not —Will it be expensive? —I would think so./I should think it would. (= probably “Yes”) or: I wouldn’t think so./I would think not. (= probably “No”)By this sort of answer the speaker implies that he doesn’t really know but that this is his impression. Itis less confident than I think.The end of Grammar. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart FourPart FourThis is the end of Part Four. Please click HOME to visit other parts. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart FivePart FiveENTER Extension Extension I. Oral Work II. Quiz III.WritingLesson 1 – Half a Day Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Oral WorkI. Oral WorkList: 1. Group discussion2. Memorable quotes3. Debating Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Oral WorkI. Oral Work If you had only half a day left to live, what would you most want to do? List the top five things you would do and give us your reason. Suppose the narrator found his home at last. What would happen after that? Work in groups. Make up your own story of “Half a Day” and perform it. Tell your funny stories about your first day at school.Brainstorm in groups.The end of Group discussion. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Oral WorkI. Oral Work Education has for its object the formation of character. —Spencer, Herbert Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. —W. Durant Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern but impossible to slave. —H. P. BroughamHow do you understand the following quotes?Translation To be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Oral WorkI. Oral Work 教育以造就人的品质为其目标。
教育以造就人的品质为其目标 —斯宾塞（英格兰哲学斯宾塞（英格兰哲学家）家） 教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程 —杜兰特（美国历史学家、散文杜兰特（美国历史学家、散文家）家） 教育使一个国家的人民容易领导，但是难于驱使；容易教育使一个国家的人民容易领导，但是难于驱使；容易 治理，却不可奴役治理，却不可奴役 —布罗厄姆（英国政治布罗厄姆（英国政治家）家）The end of Memorable quotes. Lesson 1 – Half a DayI. Oral WorkI. Oral WorkTopics for debating: Do you think the world is changing for the better or for the worse? Give your reasons.The end of Debating. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz II. Quiz List: 1. Quiz 12. Quiz 23. Quiz 3 Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz 1II. Quiz 1Put in appropriate prepositions or adverbs:1. All these possibilities are consideration.2. She feels ill ease with so many strangers watching.3. I was my wit’s end. I really didn’t know what to do.4. He was totally a loss for words.5. Go and ask his wife. She must be the know.1. under 2. at 3. at 4. at 5. inTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz 1 II. Quiz 1 6. Be your guard. Not everyone who smiles at you is a friend.7. This chair is place in this room. Get rid of it.8. A pay rise is the question. The company is operating a loss this year.9. She knew that she was against very strong opposition.10. They are very bad terms at the moment. They don’t speak to each other.6. on7. out of 8. out of, at9. up 10. onThe end of Quiz 1. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz 2II. Quiz 21. When doing business in the Arab world, do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room ___, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave.a. unannounced b. unaccouncingb.c. unannounce d. to announce2. When coal, the __ of plants, is burnt, chemical energy is changed into heat energy.a. remains b. remainders b.c. traces d. remnantsa aTo be continued on the next page. Lesson 1 – Half a Day3. We object to the idea that it is military force that should be __ in settling international disputes. a. applied to b. resorted to c. fallen back on d. restrained from 4. The dean of our department asked that all the students ___ at the reception this afternoon in order to meet the representatives from other colleges. a. are present b. will be present c. would be present d. be present b dTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day5. The tremendous heat at a star’s core, __ tremendous gravity, joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.a. combined with b. having combined withb.c. combining with d. being combined with c.6. __ the choice of a fine home downtown and a modest one in the suburbs, the latter will win.d. Being given b. Givene.c. If given d. When givena bTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day7. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.a. equivalent b. alikec. uniform d. likely8. Very few scientists _______ completely new answers to the world’s problems.a. come up with b. come outc. come round d. come up toa aTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day9. At the party we found that shy girl ______ her mother all the time.a. depending on b. coinciding withc. adhering to d. clinging to10. Time __ , the celebration will be held as scheduled.a. permit b. permittingb.c. permitted d. permits (TEM-4, 03)d bTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 11. Arriving at the bus stop, __ waiting there. a. a lot of people were b. he found a lot of people c. a lot of people d. people were found (TEM-4, 94)12. Much as __ , I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. (TEM-4, 99) a. I would have liked to b. I would like to c. I should have to like d. I should have liked toLesson 1 – Half a Dayb aTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day13. The encouraging factor is that the __ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.a. numerous b. vastc. most d. massive14. Animals that could not __ themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.a. change b. adaptc. modify d. conformb bTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day15. For the success of the project, the company should __ the most of the opportunities at hand. a. obtain b. grasp c. catch d. make (TEM-4, 98) 16. The local police are authorized to __ anyone’s movements as they think it. a. pause b. halt c. repel d. keep (TEM-4, 98)d bTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day17.She was standing outside in the snow, __ with cold.a. spinning b. shivering c. shaking d. staggering (TEM-4, 04)18. The accusation left him quite __ with rage.a.quiet b. silentb.c. mute d. speechlessb dTo be continued on the next page.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a Day19. As the drug took __ the patient became quieter.a. force b. effect c. action d. influence20. He is now convinced __ the truth of the report.a. about b. in c. at d. ofb d The end of Quiz 2.II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2 Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz 3II. Quiz 3Word Derivation1.It took courage and _______________ (determined) to break the habit of smoking. 2. (admit) to this university is by examination only.3.3. Children are usually taught not to play4. (violence).5.4. (nature), our pronunciation is far from perfect.6.5. “But how can we pay for it?” said John 7. (practice).8. determinationAdmissionviolentlyNaturallypracticallyTo be continued on the next page.Fill out the blanks with the proper form of the given words. Lesson 1 – Half a DayII. Quiz 3II. Quiz 3Word Derivation6. He impressed me (favor).7. The army is making (prepare) for a full-scale invasion.8. I am afraid I do not have the final (decide) in these matters.9. “Will there be any food left over?” he asked (hope).10. He did not pay close (attend) to the details. favorablypreparations decision hopefully attentionThe end of Quiz 3. Lesson 1 – Half a DayIII. Writing III. Writing Write a composition no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below.On Change 1. We are living in an ever-changing world. 2. Change is double-edged. 3. We can manage to take advantage of changes.The end of Writing. Lesson 1 – Half a DayPart FivePart FiveThis is the end of Lesson One. 。
