
水文学原理-中英文专业词最新.docx
11页水文学原理-中英文专业词 Chapter 3 流域与水系 流域与水系:Watershed & Drainage Networks Part 1 基本概念 分水线(watershed divide) 闭合流域(closed watershed) 非闭合流域(unclosed watershed) 水系(Drainage Networks) 羽毛状水系(Elongated shape) 平行状水系(fan shape) 混合状水系(mixed shape) 坡地(Slope) 倾斜面(inclined plane)收敛曲面(Convergent Camber) 发散曲面(Divergent Camber 流域基本单元(Unit) P art 2 水系的地貌特征 河源(headwater) 节点(node) 出口(outlet) 外链(External links) 内链(Internal links) 干流(main river) 支流(tributary river) Strahler分级法河流长度(stream length) 河数定律(the law of stream numbers) 河长定律(the law of stream lengths)链长度(Link Length) 横断面(Cross section) 纵断面(longitudinal section) 大断面(flood cross-section) 弯曲率(Sinuosity) 河底比降(Slope of stream bed) Part 3 流域的地貌特征 流域形状(Shape of watershed)流域坡度(Slope of watershed)流域面积及面积定律(Drainage area and the law of drainage areas) 流域长度和宽度(Width and length of watershed)形态因子(Shape factor) 圆度(Circularity ratio) 伸长比(Elongation ratio) 河网密度和河道维持常数(Drainage density & constant of channel maintenance) 河流频度和链频度(Stream frequency & link frequency) 面积--河长曲线(Drainage area-stream length curve ) 高程曲线(Elevation curve) Chapter 4 降水 降水(Precipitation) Part 1 降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitation elements & Temporal and spatial variation) 降雨的基本要素(Rainfall Elements)降雨量(深) Rainfall (depth) 降雨历时(Rainfall duration) 降雨强度(Rainfall intensity) 降雨面积(Rainfall area) 暴雨中心(Storm center) 降雨强度与历时曲线(Rainfall intensity-duration curve) 降雨深与面积关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area curve) 降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area-duration curve) Part 2 降雨类型及其影响因素(Types of rainfall and Affecting factors) 气旋雨(Cyclonic rain) 对流雨(Convectional/Convective rain)台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes) 地形雨(Orographic rain) 锋面雨(Frontal rain) 非锋面雨(Non-frontal rain) Part 3 区域(流域)平均降雨量计算方法(Calculation method of Average rainfall over an area)算术平均法(Arithmetic mean method) 泰森多边形法(Thiessen polygon method)等雨量线法(Isohyetal method) 距离平方倒数法(Inverse distance-squared method)雷达测雨(Radar measurement of rainfall) 卫星测雨(Satellitic measurement of rainfall) Part4 降雨资料的检验(Test of rainfall data) Chapter 5 土壤水 土壤水(Soil Water)水文循环(Hydrologic Cycle)土壤颗粒(soil particles)过滤(leach)蒸发(evaporation)蒸发,散发(transpiration)水分(moisture)Part 1土壤的质地结构及“三相”关系 土壤质地(Soil texture) 粘粒(clay)粉粒(silt)砂粒(sand)土壤结构(Soil configuration) 土壤中的“三相”关系(Three phases within a soil)固体(Solids)液体(Liquids)空气(Vapor)固体密度(solid density) 干容重(Dry bulk density) 孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetric water content) 容积含水率(volumetric water content)饱和度(the degree of saturation) 充气孔隙度(Aeration porosity) 孔隙比(Void ratio) Part 2土壤水的存在形态 土壤水作用力(Forces governing soil water) 分子力(Molecular force)毛管力(Capillary force) 粘着力(Adhesion)粘结力(Cohesion)重力(Gravitational force) 土壤水类型(Soil water classification)束缚水(bound water)吸湿水(Hygroscopic Water) 膜状水(Film water)毛管上升水(Ascending water in capillary tube) 渗透重力水(percolating water)毛管悬着水(Suspended capillary water) sustained gravitational water(支持重力水) 土壤水分常数(Soil water constants) 田间持水量(field capacity)Saturation(饱和状态) Part 3土壤水的能量状态 土水势(Soil water potential) 影响因素(Affect the factors)土壤水分特性曲线(Soil water characteristic curve) Chapter 6 下渗 下渗: Infiltration Part 1 引言(Introduction) 土壤水分剖面(soil moisture profile) 下渗(infiltration) 下渗率(infiltration intensity) 下渗容量(infiltration capacity) 下渗曲线(infiltration capacity curve)累积下渗曲线(accumulative infiltration capacity curve)下渗机理(mechanism of infiltration) Part 2 非饱和下渗理论()下渗方程的导出(deduction of infiltration equation) 忽略重力作用的下渗方程的解(solution under gravity neglected) 完全下渗方程的解(solution under whole condition) Part 3饱和下渗理论()基本方程的建立establishment of basic equation 下渗曲线的导出(deduction of infiltration curve) Chapter 7 蒸发与散发 蒸发与散发(Evaporation & Transpiration) Part 1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporation and control conditions) 基本概念(basic concepts)蒸发潜热(heat of vaporization) 蒸发率(evaporation rate) 凝结潜热(condensation latent) 蒸发能力(evaporation capacity) 蒸发分类classification of evaporation 控制蒸发率的条件controlling conditions for evaporation 动力条件(dynamic) 气象条件meteorological condition 供水条件(water supply) Part 2 水面蒸发(water surface evaporation) 太阳辐射(solar radiation) 气压(air pressure) 风速(wind velocity) 温度(temperature) 湿度(humidity) 水面大小(water surface area) 水面形状(shape of water body) 水深(water depth) 水质(water quality) 理论方法(theoretical method)热量平衡法(heat balance method)空气动力学法(aerodynamic method) 混合法(mixed method) 水量平衡法(water balance method) 经验公式(empirical equation)器测法(instrument-measurement method ) 水面蒸发的时空分布特点temporal spatial distribution characteristics Part 3 土壤蒸发 土壤蒸发过程(soil water evaporation processes) 土壤蒸发规律(soil water evaporation rules) Part 4 植物散发 散发现象(phenomena of plant transpiration) 植物散发规律(plant transpiration rules)植物散发的确定(determination of transpiration) Part 5 流域蒸散发(watershed evapotranspiration) 上层(Upper Layer)下层(Lower Layer)深层(Deep Layer)。












