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Lesson Four Inaugural Address J. F. Kennedy 2Teaching PointsØ Pre-reading QuestionsØ Background InformationØ Types of LiteratureØ Structure AnalysisØ Text AnalysisØ Rhetorical DevicesØ Follow-up DiscussionØ Exercises and Homework3Unit 4 Inaugural Address J. F. Kennedy Pre-reading Question4•How much do you know about the presidential election system in U.S.A.?5ØBy law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age can run for the Presidency. ØBut in fact only the candidates nominated by the two major parties, the republican and the Democratic, have the chances to win a Presidential election. ØThe choosing of a candidate for the Presidency is extremely important for both parties. ØTo do this, each party holds its national convention every four years, in the summer before the general election. American presidential election system6ØThe convention is an assembly of party bosses and activists. ØSeveral months before the convention, all the aspirants for nomination begin their personal campaigns within the party. ØHis purpose is to have his supporters chosen as delegates to the convention. ØThe more supporters he has, the bigger is the chance for him to be nominated for the candidacy. This process is called the primary election.American presidential election system7ØTo win a Presidential election, a candidate has to spend many millions of dollars which comes from its personal collection, party’s help and grant from the Government. ØHe has to travel all over the country, making countless speeches and shaking hands with countless voters. He has to face his rival in debates on television. He has to make the best use of his glib tongue and arouse public confidence in him.American presidential election system8ØA candidate must also try to profit from his rival’s disadvantage, making harsh attacks on his policies and exposing his personal flaw. This may become very disgusting sometimes. ØA presidential candidate also tires to collect information about his rivals so as to employ the most profitable tactics. American presidential election system9ØThe general election , held on the second Tuesday after the first Monday in November in each election year.ØFollowing the November general election，the President elected will happily prepare his inaugural address for the inauguration ceremony taking place before the U.S. Capitol Building on January 20. American presidential election system10ØHe will be busy framing his administration and getting ready to move into the White House. ØBut he must also remember that 3 years later, or in the fourth year of his first term, he will have to go through the whole process all over again if he wants to be re-elected. ØThe White House is not a place for a President to stay permanently. He can never live in it for more than 8 years.American presidential election system11ØThe first one on April 30, 1789, George Washington. Since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan, 20. ØOn this day every four years the newly elected president of the United states faces the people for the first time. Takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.Inauguration day and presidential oath12ØThe solemn presidential oath: ØTraditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States. ØThe oath runs as follows:“ I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States.”Inauguration day and presidential oath13Unit 4 Inaugural AddressBackground Information14Background Information1.John F. Kennedy 2.The social background3.Inaugural Address 15ØBorn: May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts ØDied: November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas ØMarried: Jacqueline Lee Bouvier (1929-1994), on September 12, 1953 ØReligion: Roman Catholic ØEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1940) ØPolitical Party: Democrat ØCareer: Author; officer, U.S. Navy, 1941-45; newspaper correspondent; member of U.S. House of Representatives, 1947-53; United States Senator, 1953-61; President of the United States, 1961-63John F. Kennedy16Ø John Kennedy, the 35th president of the United states, was the first Roman Catholic to become president of the United Stated. ØAt 43 he was also the youngest man ever elected to the highest office of his country. ØHe was a Harvard graduate. He first ran for Congress as a Democrat, then as Senate. ØKennedy missed being nominated for vice-president by a few votes in 1956. John F. Kennedy17Ø But he gained an introduction to millions of Americans who watched the Chicago democratic Convention of television when he decided to run for president in 1960, his name was widely known. ØMany thought that his religion and his youthful appearance would handicap him. ØHe faced the religion issue frankly. He decided his firm belief in the separation of Church and state.John F. Kennedy18ØKennedy’s four television debates with Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon (37th), were a highlight of the 1960 campaign. ØHe was assassinated in November 1963, when journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. He was shot in the neck and head by a 24-year-old man. He died half hour later. ØWithin two hours, vice-president Johnson took the oath as president. Ø A state funeral was held for him.John F. Kennedy19Ø His assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle.ØSound of SilenceJohn F. Kennedy20Ø In what period in history did Kennedy become president?ü in 1960'sØ Cold war is sth. which marks the situation in 1960's. The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps. üSocialist camp -- headed by the Soviet UnionüCapitalist camp -- headed by the USüThe camps opposed each other politically.The social background21ØThe Cold War was a period of East-West competition, tension, and conflict, short of full-scale war, characterized by mutual perceptions of hostile intention between military-political alliances or blocs. ØThere were real wars, sometimes called "proxy wars" because they were fought by Soviet allies rather than the USSR itself -- along with competition for influence in the Third World, and a major superpower arms race. The social background22ØIt is a speech, lecture officially made by a person on taking office. Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address. ØIn 1861, Abraham Lincoln warned the Southern states not to secede, appealing to “the mystic cords of memory, stretching forth from every battlefield and patriot grave”.ØIn 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt told Depression-racked Americans that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”.Inaugural Address23ØAs newly elected President of the United States, J. F. Kennedy addressed a worldwide audience in his inaugural speech, both the two hostile camps included. ØThe speech is well organized. ØThe first five part is a general statement of Kennedy’s basic policy goals. The United States, the self-appointed leader of the “free associations”, is prepared to pay any price, bear any burden, and meet any hardship to defend human rights, liberty and independence of free nations. Inaugural Address24ØIn second part, Kennedy addresses different groups of allied nations or would-be allies, as well as the United Nations, suggesting that these nations should support and accept the leadership of the United States. ØThen he turns to his enemy, warning that the U. S. is prepared to oppose any foe at all costs, so they’d better negotiate and cooperate with the U.S. Ø Finally he appeals to his countrymen and citizens of the world for support and sacrifice in order to defend human rights and freedom. Inaugural Address25Unit 4 Inaugural Address Type of Literature26Ø The purpose of a political speech : –to persuade– to explain– to convince people into accepting his point of view, and into accepting what he says so as to support himType of literature27Ø Characteristics: 1. The order is clear.–Each para. has its own topic.2. The tone is appropriate.–He uses different tone to different people.Type of literature283. The style is rigid.–It is made beforehand. So it is a sort of written language.4. The language is rhetorical.–parallelism, metaphor, antithesis, balanced structure, repetition of words and phrases --- for force, vividness and emotional appeal.Type of literature29General analysis of a political speech:1. He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience. What he says represents the interests of the whole people.–successful appeal to the emotion of the audienceType of literature302. specific policy–The speech must have high-sounding words and empty promises3. The speech must be concise and shortType of literature314. clever-choice of words to convey different meanings/tones.5. the use of biblical style to make it formal/ rigid.6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/ impressive as possible. Type of literature32Unit 4 Inaugural AddressStructure Analysis 33Introduction (opening):Para.1- 4Main point: John F. Kennedy acknowledges his victory as the success of American beliefs in human rights (freedom and liberty). –He attributes human’s rights to the generosity of God. –Given the political situation, his speech is laden with cold-war concepts.Body (development): Para. 5- 26. By sending to different groups of countries messages concerning American values, John F. Kennedy sketches an overview of the military, political and diplomatic policies that are to be carried out by his administration. Conclusion (ending): Para. 27Lastly, Kennedy calls on his fellow citizens to rally round his administration for the common goal. He reiterates that American people are chosen by God to fulfill the task of the survival and success of the so-called human rights (freedom and liberty) Structure Analysis34Unit 4 Inaugural AddressText Analysis35Unit 4 Inaugural AddressRhetorical Devices36Unit 4 Inaugural AddressFollow-up Discussion37Unit 4 Inaugural AddressHomework38个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论。