高级英语第一册Blackmail.ppt

Unit 3 Blackmail,一、戏剧文学 1. 定义： 戏剧文学，是指供戏剧舞台演出用的文学剧本剧本不仅可以供舞台演出使用，而且作为一种独立的可供人们阅读 2. 基本特点： （1）强烈的戏剧冲突,诗歌 散文 小说 戏剧,情感 思想 故事 矛盾冲突,戏剧冲突表现形式： 在剧中人与人之间的矛盾冲突以及人物性格自身的内在冲突 是选择、提炼、集中概括和艺术加工的结果； 展示人物性格、人物关系，反映社会生活本质、高度典型化 紧张性、集中性 必然性中的偶然性因素造成 戏剧家的创作，经常运用偶然性来形成戏剧冲突的集中和紧张，加强戏剧气氛，使情节跌宕曲折，引人入胜 戏剧中的偶然性因素一定要符合生活的真实、人物的性格和事件发展的必然性，既要出人意料之外，又须入于情理之中 “出人意料之外”，就是通过一些观众事先预料不到的偶然性的戏剧因素，使剧情的发展让人始料不及所谓“入于情理之中”，就是无论戏剧冲突多么奇巧，但都是符合生活逻辑的，是合于情理的2）人物、事件和场景的高度集中化 人物的集中： 一方面要求人物数量要少，关系要清晰，而且人物的性格展示要快、要突出 矛盾冲突的集中： 必须集中、激烈，给人以高潮迭起的感觉 情节的集中： 就是一个故事一经开端，就要想方设法引导其发展，尽快进入高潮，继而得以解决。

场景的集中： 必须把人物和事件集中到一个或几个场面中来序幕是用来交代剧中故事发生的时间、地点和时代背景的，或简要介绍剧中的主要人物及人物关系；开端是剧本中所反映的矛盾冲突的第一个事件，引出剧本矛盾的起因，或同时点出次要矛盾，或设下次要矛盾的伏笔；发展是整个情节中主要的、最长的部分，包括从开端之后到高潮这一阶段在这个阶段中，矛盾冲突逐步展开和深化，人物性格和人物关系逐渐表现出来，直至把矛盾冲突推向高潮；高潮是矛盾冲突发展的顶点，是决定矛盾冲突双方胜负和主要矛盾即将解决的关键时刻，因而，也是斗争最紧张、最激烈、最尖锐的部分；结局是紧接高潮之后，主要矛盾得以解决，人物和事件有了一定的结果的部分3）用人物的语言塑造艺术形象 1、通过充分个性化的语言，刻画人物性格，揭示人物关系 2、通过富有动作性的语言，揭示人物的外部形态和内心活动 3、通过富有潜台词的语言，揭示人物活动的目的和实质，反映丰富深刻的生活内容3. 戏剧文学阅读与欣赏的要点： （1）分析戏剧冲突 （2）分析剧本的场景设置 （3）分析剧本的情节安排 （4）分析戏剧文学的语言,戏剧冲突是戏剧文学表现人物性格和人物相互间关系的主要手段和途径。

每一个主要角色的性格特点、角色与角色间的相互关系都会在戏剧冲突中充分而清晰地表现出来分析戏剧冲突，可以极准确地把握人物的性格、弄清剧中人物相互间的关系，借鉴其塑造人物形象和处理人物关系的方法和技巧，培养自己谋篇与写人的能力戏剧作者要在两三个小时之内和几个有限的场景里面表现剧中人物几年、几十年的人生遭遇或命运，其关键在于场景的设置与选择上面场景设置与选择得好，承载量就大，包含的内容就多，思想表现力就强分析剧本的场景设置，借鉴其裁取生活横断面、浓缩人物与矛盾冲突的方法，可以培养我们选材和剪材的能力戏剧的情节安排，常常是偶然性与必然性的结合，情节曲折、生动，构思十分巧妙，出乎人的意料，又合乎事情的情理分析剧本的情节安排，可以培养和提高我们构思故事的能力戏剧文学不同于其他文学样式的根本特点在于通过剧中人物的语言来塑造艺术形象，揭示人物的性格，表现矛盾的冲突，展现作品的思想和主题其语言个性化十分突出，表现力极强，多读、多分析戏剧语言，是提高我们语言运用能力的一个十分重要而有效的途径Unit ThreeBlackmail,Lead-in Background Information Textual Structure Detailed Study of the Text Summary Exercises,Arthur Hailey,,Background information,Arthur Hailey: Born in Luton, England, in 1920, Arthur Hailey was educated in English schools until age fourteen. After a brief career as an office boy, he joined the British Royal Air Force in 1939 and served through World War II, rising through the ranks to become a pilot and flight lieutenant. In 1947, Mr. Hailey emigrated to Canada, where he was successively a real estate salesman, business paper editor and a sales and advertising executive. He became, and still is, a Canadian citizen. In 1956, Arthur Hailey scored his first writing success with a TV drama, Flight Into Danger, which later became a motion picture and a novel, Runway Zero-Eight. Since then, as a novelist and one of the great storytellers of our time, he has acquired a worldwide following of devoted readers and his books are published in twenty-seven languages. Arthur Hailey and his wife, Sheila, make their home at Lyford Cay in the Bahamas, where their children, Jane, Steven and Diane, join them during college vacations.,Background information,In the 1960s and 1970s Arthur Hailey, a British/Canadian writer, had a stream of enormously successful novels set in very different work places, as indicated by some of their titles: Hotel, Airport, Wheels, the Evening News. Though a Canadian himself, he set the scene of most of his works in the United States. Each of his books deals with one particular field of society. This is made clear by the titles of his books. It is this peculiarity of his that is value to those who are eager to learn about contemporary American society.,Background information,A List of Arthur Haileys Novels RUNWAY ZERO-EIGHT ....................................... 1958THE FINAL DIAGNOSIS ..................................... 1959IN HIGH PLACES .......................................... 1960HOTEL ................................................... 1965AIRPORT ................................................. 1968WHEELS .................................................. 1971THE MONEYCHANGERS ....................................... 1975OVERLOAD ................................................ 1979STRONG MEDICINE ......................................... 1984THE EVENING NEWS ........................................ 1990DETECTIVE ............................................... 1997,,a reflection of Americas capitalist society,大饭店是阿瑟. 黑利1965年的作品。

它描写美国南部新奥尔良一家豪华的大饭店，由于老板沃伦. 特伦特因循守旧，管理不善，跟不上时代的发展，结果负债累累，而被迫出售的故事通过对这家饭店的描述，反映了美国资本主义社会形形色色的弊端和痼疾：旅馆巨擎弱肉强食，侦探人员敲诈勒索，饭店职工贪污盗窃，黑人遭到种族歧视，上层贵族卑鄙无耻，纨绔子弟腐化堕落，富商少女精神空虚这所有的一切，可以说是腐朽的美国资本主义社会的一个缩影Things before Blackmail,The Duke is an internationally famous statesman and the newly-appointed British ambassador to Washington. He and his wife occupy the best suite in St. Gregory. On Monday evening while driving back with his wife from a gambling house, the Duke knocks down a woman and her child. Both are killed.,the Duke and the Duchess, however, drive away. The hit-and-run becomes top sensational news in New Orleans. The hotels chief house detective Ogilvie notices the battered car when it comes back. Instead of reporting this to the police, he goes to see the Duke and the Duchess,Textual analysis,Read the text and try to find out each corresponding element in the text - Settings Characters Plot Conflicts Theme,,Setting Analysis,Mai。