各个空间介词区别.doc

1. across 和 through 的区别across是介词,有"横跨,横穿，穿越”之意The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China.绿色长城横跨中国西北across 与 go/walk等动词连川表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思、与cross ®木同义，也是表示从物体 表面经过如，Go across the road , you will find the post office on your left.横过这条公路，你 会发现邮局就在你的左边through是介词，“在…之中，透过”的意思,常与go,walk等动词连用,表示“穿越, 横穿”等意思主要表示从物体内部穿过如穿过森林、隧洞等如，The two friends were walking through the forest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走The sunlight comes through the glass. PI I 光透过玻璃两者都用于表示“穿过、越过二across含有“从 表而穿过”Z意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时MJ acrossthrough含有“从……中间穿过”之意。

女口: He can swim across the river.She had to push her way through the crowd to get her son.有时across表示“横过”也门J在“体”内进行，但此时它仍through有差别：前者表示 从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端如：He walked across the hall.他从大厅的一端走到另一端He walked through the hall.他穿过大厅1)与抽彖名词连用，表示“通过"，一般只用througho如：He became richer through hard work.他勤奋致富2)在美国口语中,可用from ... through表示"从 到''(此时不用along或across)0如：We work from Monday through Saturday.我们从星期一到星期六工作注：cross是动词，其名词意为“十字架”；crossing 字路 J的意思cross作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思主要表示在物体表面上横穿如横过马路、 过桥、过河等，与go across同义。

例如，Be careful when you cross the street.过马路时耍小心 Cross (Go across )the bridge, and you will see a big building .过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思练习:1 ・ We must the road very carefully.2. Before going the road, you should look left first and then right.3・ Look! The man is swimming the lake.4. They drove the street quickly, but the police caught them at las匸5. the street and you can get to the hotel.6. He the road and then comes to the post office.7. Walk the footbridge.& Go the bridge and you will see the station.9.You can't the road when the light is red.1(). It's dangerous to swim the rive匚11.She walks the road・12・Can you swim the river?13. The police led the old man the street・14. We walked the forest.15. Can the tabic go the door?16. The stream winds the village.17.1 try to get into the room the window because I can5t open the door.18. The tiger is jumping the burning ring・19. Shall wc walk the field?Keys :1. cross 2. across 3. across 4. across 5. Cross 6. crosses 7. across 8. across 9.cross 10. across 11. across 12. across 13. across14. through 15. through 16. through 17・ through 18. through 19. across across 和 over1）二者均可表示”处于或到达一条线\一条河或一条道路的另一侧.We walked over/across the road・See if you can jump over/across the rive匚We could walk across/over the river on the ice・但在水的上方发生动作川over;在水中发生的动作川across.The bird can fly over the rive匚It took us two hours to swim across the river,2） across和over均可用来表示"处于（一座高的障碍物如树,篱笆,墙，山脉的）另一侧"•但如表示到 达另-侧的动作，只能用over.If we can be over/across the hill before sunrise we have got a chance・When I saw him he was climbing very slowly over the fence・3） across和over均可表示某一范围（如田野,沙漠,舞池）之内的动作.但如表示“从一定范围之一边到 另一•边”，则只能用across.Who arc those people wandering ovcr/across the fields?It took us six weeks to walk across the desert・over 与 pastover多指在空间范围上“超过”，而past指“经过”。

如:The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.He walked past a tree・above /on/over这三个词作为介词时都可以表示“在…上”，但各自的侧重点不一样above表示“在…上”时，带有一•物在另一•物的侧上方的含义，表示地理空间位置例如：The plane is flying above the clouds. E机在云上飞行The waterfall is above the bridge.瀑布在桥的侧上方on指线上或面上的接触点，仅在两个物体互相接触的悟况下表示“在...上而”例如：There is a bus on the bridge.桥上有一辆车There are five books on lhe desk..桌子上面有 5 木书He hung lhe picture on lhe wall.他把画挂在墙壁上There is a fly on the celling.冇一只苍蝇停在夭花板上over通常指“正对…的上方1表示两个物体Z间乖直的相对位置同时，over述川以表示“（大范围内）笼罩化"遍及"Z义。

例如：There is a bridge over rive匚 河上有一座桥There was a lamp over the table.桌子上空有—盏灯He put his coat over her shoulders.他把上衣覆盖在她的肩膀上He traveled all over Europe.他游遍 了欧洲above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过 ”over的反义词是期血门above的反义词是below.例如：There is a bridge over the riverOur plane flew above the clouds.介词below与under的用法区别1・两者都可表示"低于”，under主要表示垂直在卜的正卜•方,而below则不一淀表示正 下方（即可以是正下方或非正下方）如：Look in the cupboard below [under] the sink.至!J洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.登山队员们在离山顶 300 米处停了下來。

换句话说，表示正下方，两者都可用；不表示正下方，则通常用belowo2•两者均可表示数量方面的“少于”，但在现代英语中，以用under为多见如：He can't be much below [under] sixty.他的年龄不可能比60岁小很多There were under forty people at the meeting.参加会议的人不足 40 人It took us under an hour.我们用了不到1个小时注：在现代英语中，below表示“少于”，主要用于表示温度、高度以及有纵向标准町比 的悄况°如：This place is below sea level.此地在海平面以卜The temperature is two degrees below zero.温度是零下 2 度3•若表示一物被另一物所覆盖，则通常用undero如：She crept in beside him under the bedclothes.她钻进被窝躺在他身旁4•表示职位、级别等关系时，用under表直接关系，用below表非直接关系比较：Mr A is under Mr B. A先生是B先生的部下。

Mr A is below MrB. A先生比B先生职位低。