托福写作辅导材料.doc

托福写作材料托福作文任务描述：托福作文要求参加考试者在30分钟内进行审题、写作和检查等写作的字数为220至300 字分数段：0分，1分，1.5分，2分，25分，3分，3.5分，4分，4.5分，5分，5.5分，6分写作要求：6 分：Demonstrate clear competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.能展示出较高的写作能 力，在修辞和句法等方面达到定的水平，文章允许出现个别错误• Effectively addresses the writing task 文章切题，观点明确；• Well organized and well developed段落纟R织有序，合理展开说明；• Uses clear appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas 使用正确的事例支 持论点或说明观点；• Displays consistent facility in the use of language 能够流畅地，连贯地使用语言• Dem on st rate syntactic variety and appropriate word choice.句式多样，JU 词准确。

5 分：Demonstrate compete nee in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it will probably have occasional errors 在修辞.句法方面有一定的表 达能力，但文章偶然会有错误• may addresses some parts of the writing task more effectively than others 能有效地 按照耍求协作，但某些部分有欠缺；• generally well organized and well developed段落组织基木冇序，合理展开说明；• Uses clear details to support a thesis or Mu st rate an ideas 能便用事例支持论点或说明 观点；• Displays facility in the use of language 展现出语言的使川能力；• Demonstrate some syntactic variety and range of vocabulary.有些句式和词汇的变化。

4 分：demonstrate minimal competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactical levels展示出一些写作能力修辞与句法能力一•般• Addresses the writing topic adequately but may slightly parts of the task• Is adequately organized and developed• Uses some details to support a thesis or illustrate an idea• Dem on strate adequate but possibly in consiste nt facility with syntax and usage• May contain some errors that occasionally obscure meaning3 分:demonstrate some developi ng compete nee in writing, but it remains flawed on either the rhetorical or syntactical level, or both.• In adequate orga nization or development• In appropriate or in sufficient details to support or illustrate generalizati ons• A noticeable in appropriate choice of words or word forms• An accumulation of errors in sente nee structure an d/or usage ・2 宋 suggests in competence in writing• Serious disorganization or underdevelopment• Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics• Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage• Serious problems with focus1 分：demonstrate incompetence in writing• May be incoherent• May be underdeveloped• May contain severe and persistent writing errors评分：TWE —般由两个人评判，取平均分。

如上所述，托福作文的分数是0.5分为一个晋 级，只会岀现几点五分的情况若两个阅卷人的分数差距在2分或人于2分时，则会有第 三个平分人出现，例如前两个的分数分别为3分和5分，则会冇另一个人来评卷托福作文范围和类型托福作文的范围相対固定，每年ETS都会在网站上公布其更新过的写作题目范围参加考 试者可以参考这些题目进行准备现在我们看到的一共有185个题目类型：根据这些题忖我们大致可以将它们分成5种类型i）対立式观点例 1: Some people like to work or study at night; others like to work or study during the day. Which do you prefer work or study at night or during the day? Gve specific reasonsand examples to illustrate your answer.例 2: Some high schools require all students to wear uniforms; other high schools permit students to choose to what to wear in the school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.（二） 单一性观点例 1: Do you agree or disagree following statement: people should always show their strong emotions （such as excitement, anger, or joy）・ Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.例 2: Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers・ Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（三） 选择性观点仞］1: People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their garde ns. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?例 2: If you were asked to send one thing represe nting your coun try to an inter national exhibition, what would your choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.（四） 对比类例 1: A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.例 2： When people move to another country, some of them decided to follow the customs of the new country; others prefer to keep their own customs・ Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details・（五） 列举论证类例 1: What are some of the qualities of a good pare nt? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.例 2： What changes would you make your hometown more appealing to people of your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.相对应的作文类型的开头(introduction)这些开头非常典型，如果你没有更好的开头就将这样的开头背诵下来，一定能在遇到这 类题目时写得飞快。

一)对立观点文章的开头，1. It is true that some people hold the opinion (1) that working or studying at night is effective. Others believe (2) that working or studying during the day has more advantages・ I reckon they both have their strong reasons on their arguments. As far as I am concerned, the former/ the latter would be。