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浅谈英语中表示疾病的词.docx

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    •     浅谈英语中表示疾病的词    ◆王家栋·江苏省常州工程职业技术学院:ISSN1009-6426/CNl3-1298-G4/YFDHl8-117/213-2010-O1-W0017在日常生活和工作中,经常会谈到疾病那么在英语的学习中,如何表达疾病以及怎样区分它们的差别呢?下面笔者就有关疾病的词,作些相应的解释和说明:1. Disease: the illness or unhealthy condition caused by infection,a disorder .etc but not by an accident疾病,由发炎,身体内部紊乱所引起的不健康状态如,He has a serious disease of the liver.他有严重的肝病Many diseases are caused by bacteria.许多疾病都是由细菌引起的这里的disease主要指具体的疾病如chronic diseases指慢性病,acute diseases指急性病等2. I´llnessa disease unhealthy state of thebody or mind身体或精神不适。

      是个非常常见的词不论病重病轻,人们都经常用它更为常用的是be ill,表示生病如,There seems to be a lot of illness in the family,那家人似乎病痛很多Many people have physical and mental illness.许多人都有身体和精神上的疾病Tuberculosis is a very serious illness.肺结核是一种非常严重的疾病He didn´t come to school because he was ill.他因病没去上学可以看出,虽然illness和disease使用时可以相互替换,但它们微小的区别是illness主要表达身体不适的真实状态和时间这种状况往往可能是由某种disease引起的3. Sickness: a condition of being ill, illness or disease疾病(常因呕吐而感到身体不适)在美国sickness和illness往往是可以互用的如,A wave of sickness came over me.我感到一阵恶心There have been a lot of people off the work owing to sickness.这一周有许多人因病而不能上班。

      4. Ailment: an illness, esp. one that is not serious小恙,不太严重的病如,She is always complaining of some ailment or other.她总是抱怨这里不舒服或那里不舒服5. Disorder: failure of part of the body to work properly失调(指身体的某个部位)如,Mary has a rare nervous disorder.玛丽患有罕见的神经错乱Peter has got mental disorder.比特患有神经病6. Indisposition:a slight illness小病如,John has just recovered from his indisposition.约翰刚小病初愈7. Trouble: failure to.work properly毛病,常用于口语如,What´s the trouble with you?你怎么啦?(你哪里不舒服?)8.Under the weather身体不舒服如,I´m a little bit under the weather.我有点不舒服。

      9.Be blue悲伤,伤心如,Betty has been blue these days for she lost her lovely dog.贝蒂近来很伤心,因为她失去了心爱的狗I´m feeling rather blue today.我今天心情不好以上是一般疾病的表达,如果是具体某个部位可以说headache头痛,toothache牙痛,stomachache胃痛等如,I have got a headache.我头痛的厉害Chocolate gave me toothache.巧克力使我牙痛10. Malady: something that is wrong a system or organization (old use: an illness)弊病,是古老的用法,一般不去使用如果说某种病,那么只能用医学上专业术语了,譬如arthritis关节炎,hepatitis肝炎,pneumonia肺炎等  -全文完-。

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