跨文化交际课件Unit4.ppt

Activity 1 : InvitingWhen spouses should be included in invitations differ between China and West. Generally speaking for any meal taking place in the evening, ranging from those given at someone’s home through to dining out together or attending formal banquets, both husband and wife will be included. 一般来说，请客都是吃晚饭，形式很多种，家庭邀请，或是一起去外面吃饭，抑或参加正式的宴会而且，被邀请的都是夫妻双方 This is not expected in the case of mid-day meals, probably because couples often work in different places and some jobs involve taking a ‘working lunch’ with clients or colleagues. 吃午饭时，被邀请的一般不会是夫妻双方，因为夫妻双方大部分不是在同一个地方工作，并且，有些工作会提供工作餐，可以和同事同僚们共享。

 In China, it is quite common for only the husband or wife to be invited to a meal, either in work units or between friends, and neither husband or wife will feel offended if one of them is not invited. 在中国，被邀请的只是夫妻中的一方，不论他们是否在同一个工作单位，而且，夫妻双方不会因为某一方未被邀请而感到有所冒犯Activity 2 : Footing the bill 早在早在15世纪，人们便开始使用世纪，人们便开始使用“foot the bill”这个短这个短语，但语，但当当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（foot foot of bill or accountof bill or account），），footfoot的意思相当的意思相当于于bottombottom。

很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事但是很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事但是到了到了19世纪，则轮到消费者世纪，则轮到消费者"foot the bill"了，因为这了，因为这个短语已经个短语已经变成了变成了“付帐，买单付帐，买单”的意思这的意思这种用法一直沿用到现在种用法一直沿用到现在　　1.Cultural custom2.Cultural custom3.IdiomHotel guests can pay meals by_____________.signing the billThey sign the bill at the _______or ___________.bottomthe footTo foot the bill means _________________.to pay for somethingDining out with friendsChinaEnglandcommon way of setting the billhost paysto pay for oneself impliesmeannessexpectationsno need to teturn favourshare the costequality between friendsshould return favour1.go Dutch Share the cost of the meal equally between friends.2.pool their moneyPut together the right amount of money to pay bill.3.pick the bill Grab the bill to pay.4.buy his roundAsk everyone what they would like and then go to the bar to get the drinks. Activity 3 : Gifts Giving Varies Among Different Cultures 1. China 2. AmericaChinaRemember : ● Generally, the recipient may graciously refuse the present when first offered. ● If the recipient did not open your gift, it does not mean that he or she is not interested in it. ● You had better make your gift selected from a local store. Chinese New Year Money may be given in a red envelope. It is usually even amount, using an even number of new bills. The gift is offered using both hands and must be gift-wrapped . Official business policy considers gifts as bribes, which are illegal. + Say you’re giving the gift on behalf of your companyand want him to accept it on behalf of his company . + Typically one person is not singled out to receive a special gift, especially in front of a group. + Display your company logo on the gift . + Avoid giving highly expensive gifts. Be sure to avoid: ◆ Giving clocks as gifts◆ Colors such as white or black ◆ Number four ◆ Sharp objects such as knives, letter openers, or scissors ◆ Giving gifts in odd numbers◆ Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient.◆ A fine writing pen would be a good gift, unless it has red ink.America Small gifts such as pens, business diaries, and mementos with company logos are usually sufficient. Gifts are normally opened when received.When visiting the home, it is normally appropriate to present a gift to the hostess. A gift can be something small but elaborate for a person with whom you are close.vIt is important to avoid highly personal gifts.Conclusions:1. Do a little research on the customs .2. Create a personal reference book .3. Call the foreign embassies to get specific answers to your questions .Activity 4: Chinese never accept offer of drinks or food; westerners do not press their guests to drink or eat. In China, if a guest is invited to a home, the host will normally serve the guest with some hot tea, and often when the host is making tea, the guest will ask the host not to bother to do so. Even so the host will provide tea for the guest. The behaviour of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual, and are understood as showing politeness and courtesy. 在中国，如果被邀请去朋友家吃饭，主人回味客人提供热茶，更有意思的是，每当主人在泡茶时，客人都会很客气地说，“多麻烦呀”，尽管如此，主人还是会端茶给客人。

在中国，这种方式已经被认可，而且是一种礼貌的表现 To press people to have food or drink after they have refused is frowned upon and can cause embarrassment. However, most visitors will not refuse a cup of tea, partly because most British people enjoy it so much, but also because sharing tea together makes the gathering more convivial. * Idioms about tea:(1) not for all the tea in China: under no circumstances(2) not my cup of tea: not what I like or not what I am suited for(3) a storm in a teacup: making a fuss about something unimportant Too modest We Chinese usually say ‘no’ when somebody offers something, because sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark. After we say' no’, we usually wait for the second or third offer before we accept it, but that never happens in a foreigner’s home. If the host just brings the food or drink and ignores our ‘no’, we will accept it.Activity 4: ComplimentsCompliments are positive expressions or evaluation, which are directed either explicitly or implicitly to someone for something valued positively by the speaker and the hearer, and even the whole speech community.Compliments are rich in both English and Chinese. However, affected by cultural differences, social status, gender, age, etc., there are many differences of compliment and its response between English and Chinese. vCompliment in English tends to seek agreement and maintain an equal and consistent relationship, while it in Chinese tends to express respect and concern about others. Different Situations vEg：There is a guest having a supper in other’s home. After the supper, the guest on the background of English often says to the host: “I enjoyed myself very much”. However, on the background of Chinese, the compliment is often replaced by an apology, such as “it is laborious for you to do so many dishes”. Different Response Strategy Response Strategy in Chinese: “Problem+Comment Strategy” ,which is not existent in English. “Disagreement Strategy” Eg. Na li na li Not as wonderful as your performance.Response Strategy in English Appreciation Token Strategy just like “thank you”, which takes up 29.38% of the whole response .· “Disagreement Strategy” not as much used as in Chinese  Chinese likes a kind of indirect ways of refusing requests . They tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing face when confronted with a problem or refusing a request. Like the Chinese , people in the English-speaking countries also avoid losing one’s face or hurting other people by using polite expression when giving refusals .In Britain , in addition to polite expressions,people find or give excuses when refusing a request, and such excuses, if they are not genuine ones, are called ‘white lies ’,lies told in good intentions.Activity 4: Disagreeing Agreeably。