Gothic_novel哥特式小说(英文) 2 - 副本.ppt

Gothic fiction Gothic fiction as one branch of the English literature and the father of horror movies origins from The Castle of Otranto(1764). More importantly, it leads habitually with darkness and horror. Gothic elements include horror, mystery, supernatural phenomenon, misfortune, death, haunted houses, and family curses. Gothic architecturethe style of Rome   inheritedthe line shape of helicopter,high minarets artistic Conception.The following are some arechitectureOf  Gothic style.Gothic architectureGothic elements include the following:1. Setting in a castle. The action takes place in and around an old castle, sometimes seemingly abandoned, sometimes occupied. The castle often contains secret passages, trap doors, secret rooms, dark or hidden staircases, and possibly ruined sections. The castle may be near or connected to caves, which lend their own haunting flavor with their branchings, claustrophobia, and mystery. 2. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense（悬念）（悬念）. The work is pervaded by a threatening feeling, a fear enhanced by the unknown. Often the plot itself is built around a mystery, such as unknown parentage, a disappearance, or some other inexplicable event. Elements 3, 4, and 5 below contribute to this atmosphere. (Again, in modern filmmaking, the inexplicable events are often murders.) 3. An ancient prophecy（预言）（预言） is connected with the castle or its inhabitants (either former or present). The prophecy is usually obscure, partial, or confusing. "What could it mean?" In more watered down modern examples, this may amount to merely a legend: "It's said that the ghost of old man Krebs still wanders these halls." 4. Omens, portents, visions（预兆）（预兆）. A character may have a disturbing dream vision, or some phenomenon may be seen as a portent of coming events. For example, if the statue of the lord of the manor falls over, it may portend his death. In modern fiction, a character might see something (a shadowy figure stabbing another shadowy figure) and think that it was a dream. This might be thought of as an "imitation vision." 5. Supernatural（超自然的）（超自然的） or otherwise inexplicable（莫名其妙的）（莫名其妙的） events. Dramatic, amazing events occur, such as ghosts or giants walking, or inanimate objects (such as a suit of armor or painting) coming to life. In some works, the events are ultimately given a natural explanation, while in others the events are truly supernatural. 6. High, even overwrought（过度紧张）（过度紧张） emotion. The narration may be highly sentimental, and the characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise, and especially, terror. Characters suffer from raw nerves and a feeling of impending doom. Crying and emotional speeches are frequent. Breathlessness and panic are common. In the filmed gothic, screaming is common. 7. Women in distress（危险，困难）（危险，困难）. As an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, and/or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central figure of the novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention. The women suffer all the more because they are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times. 8. Women threatened by a powerful, impulsive（冲动）（冲动）, tyrannical（专横）（专横） male. One or more male characters has the power, as king, lord of the manor, father, or guardian, to demand that one or more of the female characters do something intolerable. The woman may be commanded to marry someone she does not love (it may even be the powerful male himself), or commit a crime. 9. The metonymy（转喻）（转喻） of gloom（阴暗，（阴暗，忧郁）忧郁） and horror（恐惧）（恐惧）. Metonymy is a subtype of metaphor, in which something (like rain) is used to stand for something else (like sorrow). For example, the film industry likes to use metonymy as a quick shorthand, so we often notice that it is raining in funeral scenes. Note that the following metonymies for "doom and gloom" all suggest some element of mystery, danger, or the supernatural. The Romantics Further contributions to the Gothic genre were provided in the work of the Romantic poets. Prominent examples include Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Christabel and Keats' La Belle Dame sans Merci which feature mysteriously fey ladies  Mary ShelleyMary Shelley‘s ‘s FrankensteinFrankenstein  (1818) (1818) has come to define Gothic fiction in has come to define Gothic fiction in the Romantic period. the Romantic period. Victorian GothicßAn important and innovative An important and innovative reinterpreter of the Gothic in this reinterpreter of the Gothic in this period was period was Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe who who believed 'that terror is not of believed 'that terror is not of Germany, but of the soul’. His story Germany, but of the soul’. His story " "The Fall of the House of UsherThe Fall of the House of Usher" " (1839) explores these 'terrors of the (1839) explores these 'terrors of the soul' whilst revisiting classic soul' whilst revisiting classic Gothic tropes of aristocratic decay, Gothic tropes of aristocratic decay, death, and madnessdeath, and madnessßThe influence of Byronic Romanticism The influence of Byronic Romanticism evident in Poe is also apparent in evident in Poe is also apparent in the work of the Brontthe work of the Brontë sisters. sisters. Emily Emily BrontBrontë's 's Wuthering HeightsWuthering Heights (1847) (1847) transports the Gothic to the transports the Gothic to the forbidding Yorkshire Moors and forbidding Yorkshire Moors and features ghostly apparitionsfeatures ghostly apparitionsßThe 1880s, saw the revival of the Gothic as The 1880s, saw the revival of the Gothic as a powerful literary form allied to a powerful literary form allied to "fin de "fin de siecle" decadencesiecle" decadence, which fictionalized , which fictionalized contemporary fears like ethical contemporary fears like ethical degeneration and questioned the social degeneration and questioned the social structures of the time. structures of the time. ßClassic works of this Urban Gothic include Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde(罗伯特路易斯史蒂文森 奇特的化身博士与海德先生 )(1886), Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray(奥斯卡王尔德 在道林格雷的画像 ) George du Maurier's Trilby(乔治杜的 毡帽 ), Henry James' The Turn of the Screw (亨利詹姆斯 的螺丝拧紧 )and the stories of Arthur Machen(阿瑟梅琴 )ßIn America, two notable writers of In America, two notable writers of the end of the 19th century, in the the end of the 19th century, in the Gothic tradition, were Gothic tradition, were Ambrose Ambrose BierceBierce( (安布罗斯比尔斯安布罗斯比尔斯 ) and ) and Robert W. Robert W. ChambersChambers( (罗伯特钱伯斯罗伯特钱伯斯 ). Bierce's ). Bierce's short stories were in the horrific short stories were in the horrific and pessimistic tradition of Poe. and pessimistic tradition of Poe. Chambers, though, indulged in the Chambers, though, indulged in the decadent style of Wilde and Machen decadent style of Wilde and Machen (even to the extent of having a (even to the extent of having a character named 'Wilde' in his character named 'Wilde' in his The The King in YellowKing in Yellow).). Post-Victorian legacyßNotable English twentieth century writers Notable English twentieth century writers in the Gothic tradition include in the Gothic tradition include Algernon Algernon BlackwoodBlackwood, , William Hope HodgsonWilliam Hope Hodgson, , M. R. M. R. JamesJames, , Hugh WalpoleHugh Walpole, and , and Marjorie BowenMarjorie Bowen. In . In America America pulp magazinespulp magazines such as such as Weird TalesWeird Tales reprinted classic Gothic horror tales from reprinted classic Gothic horror tales from the previous century, by such authors as the previous century, by such authors as Poe, Poe, Arthur Conan DoyleArthur Conan Doyle, and Edward Bulwer-, and Edward Bulwer-Lytton and printed new stories by modern Lytton and printed new stories by modern authors featuring both traditional and new authors featuring both traditional and new horrorshorrorsClassic gothic fictionß呼啸山庄 Wuthering Heights ß作者: （英）勃朗特（Bronte，，E.）） 2006弗兰肯斯坦 Frankenstein ß作者: 雪莱 ß《吸血鬼》Vampire  ß作者: 布拉姆.斯托克 ß奥特朗托城堡 / 哈里发沉沦记 ß作者: （美）贺拉斯·瓦尔浦尔 / （英）威廉·贝克福特 《蝴蝶梦》 butterfly dream （原名《丽贝卡》ß作者：杜穆里埃Classic gothic music and movieEdward scissorhands             剪刀手爱德Werewolves are life and death狼 人生死恋Sweeney Todd 理发师陶德MusicNever-loved-you 温柔的不知何去何从Night Wish 夜愿 Within Temptation 小夜愿Thank￿you!。