专业英语翻译中复合句的译法(1).ppt

专业英语翻译中复合句的译法（1） 英语中的复合具有并列复合句、主从复合句和并列主从复合句翻译时，较难处理的有定语从句、状语从句、长句等，现分述如下1.定语从句的翻译1）凡是不太长的限定性定语从句，一般译为：“的”，并放在被修饰词之前如：The time when man can make use of atomic energy has come.人类利用原子能的时间已经到来2）凡是非限定性定语从句，一般译成并列分句，可以放在被修饰词的前面，也可以放在被修饰词的后面有时加译“这”、“它”如：Concrete is a sort of composite material, which consists of many components, such as, cement, water, coarse aggregate (gravel), and fine aggregate (sand).混凝土是一种复合材料，它由多种成分构成，如：水泥、水、粗骨料（石子）和细骨料（砂） 3）当定语从句在意义上相当于表示原因、结果、目的、条件等状语从句时，可译成状语从句 如：Matter has certain feature or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.物质具有一定的特征或性质，所以我们能够容易地识别。

The melting point of steel the carbon content of which is higher is lower.如果钢的含碳量越高，则其熔点越低 4）当定语从句在意义上相当于整个句子中的一个句子成分时，译成汉语简单句如：Hydrogen, which is the lights element, has only one electron.氢是最轻的元素，它只有一个电子 They will do all that can to raise the quality of all the products.他们尽最大努力来提高所有产品的质量 2.状语从句的译法1）由as引导的时间状语从句，译成“（正）当.时”，“随着.”如：The volume changes as the temperature rises.当温度升高时，体积改变2）由before引出的时间状语从句，有以下几种译法： 1译成“在以前”如：Before we begin to make experiment we had read the operation instructions of the machine.在我们开始做实验之前，我们已经阅读了机器的操作说明。

2译作“后,才.”, “后,再.”, “就.”如：It was not long before they completed the design.不久他们就会完成设计3译作“才.”, “为了就得.”如：It may be days or weeks before the road opens to traffic.或许几天或几周后这条道路才能开放交通3）由“until (till)”引出的时间状语从句，有以下几种译法：1译成“在以前”,主句一般为否定句形如：You should not get off until the bus stops.公共汽车停车前，你不要下车2译成“直到.为止”如：The water had flowed till the valve was switched off.水一直流，直到阀门关闭为止3译作“（直到）才.”, “（等）再.”，主句一般为否定句形如：A body at rest will never move till a force compels it.一个静止物体直到有外力驱使，才会运动4）英语中的比较状语从句大多数是省略翻译时有以下几种处理方法：1把比较的内容译在句末，并省略某些词。

如：The new machine works better than the old one does.新机器比旧机器运转的好2加译一些词如：In a vacuum, light bodies will fall as fast as heavy one.在真空中，轻物体下螺时，跟物体一样快3句形“the+比较级, the+比较级”,译作“越.越.”如：The more carbon the steel contains, the harder it becomes.钢含碳量越高越硬专业英语翻译中复合句的译法（2） 3.长句的翻译 翻译长句时,必须抓住全句的中心内容,能清各部分之间的关系,分清上下层次及前后关系,然后按汉语的特点和表达式,正确翻译 长句的翻译方法分三种，分别是： （1）顺译法 按照英语原文的顺序，依次译出 如：In the course of designing a structure, you have to take into consideration what kind of load the above mentioned structure will be subjected to, where on the structure the said load will do what is expected and whether the load on the structure is put into position all of a sudden or applied by degrees.结构设计时，你必须考虑到设计的结构受到什么样的荷载，这一荷载在结构中的什么位置起（预计的）作用，以及这一荷载时突然施加，还是逐渐施加到结构指定位置的。

A water supply for a city includes a storage reservoir at the source of the supply, a pipeline from the storage reservoir to the distribution reservoir near the city, and finally the distribution pipes buried in the street, taking the water to the house, shops, factories, and offices. 城市供水包括水源的的蓄水水库，连接水源水库和城市附近配水水库的管线，以及最终的埋入地下的将水送往住户、商店、工厂和机关的配水管2）变序译法 有时英语长句的叙述层次与汉语相反，这时就需从英语原文的后面译起，自下向上，逆做英语原文的顺序翻译如：You must fix in mind the symbols and formulate, deformation and laws of plyics, on matter how complex they may be, when you come in contace them, in order that youmay understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.为了很好的了解物理学，并为进一步的学习打下坚实基础，不管你开始接触时，这些物理符号、公式、定义和定律是多么复杂，你都必须记住它们。

3）分句译法 如：The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and the live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc.结构受到的荷载分为恒载和活载恒 载包括结构各部分的重力活载是由于任何可移动的设备等引起的。