美国文学史-立国神话-简版.ppt

An Introductory Course on American StudiesAn Introductory Course on American StudiesLecture 2: Lecture 2: The American Founding The American Founding Myth and Myth and the Puritan Spirit the Puritan Spirit Age of “Discovery”Age of “Discovery”1462: Portuguese settlement on Cape Verde Is.1488: Bartholomew Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope1492: Columbus reaches America1497: John Cabot explores North American coast1498: Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea1500: Pedro Cabral explores Brazil1513: Balboa crosses Panama to discover the Pacific1519-21: Hernando Cortez conquers Mexico1519-22: Magellan circumnavigates the globe1530-32: Francisco Pizarro conquers PeruTime Marks:Time Marks:• 1492: Columbus’ “Discovery” of North America• 1607: John Smith’s arrival in Virginia • 1620: “Mayflower” to Plymouth • 1630: the first Great Migration (20000 in next 10 years)• 1637: Pequo War against the Indians• 1640: The Bay Psalm BookSo lamentable was our scarcity that we were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what not. One man, out of the misery he endured, killing his wife, powdered her up to eat her, for which he was burned. Many besides fed on the corpses of dead men, and one who had gotten insatiable out of custom to that food could not be restrained until such time as he was executed for it. (Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624)The land full of rich, the people easilie wonne, Whose gaines shalbe the knowledge of our faithAnd ours such riches as the country hath.(an annonymous poem)New World scenesJohn Smith (1580-1631): explorer, adventurer and founder of Virginia Colony; author of A True Relation of Virginia (1608);William Bradford (1590-1657): onboard Mayflower; governor since 1622; author of Of Plymouth Plantation started 1630 thru 1647; Names Importan tJohn Cotton (1548-1652): New England Puritan preacher;author of God’s Promise to His Plantation (1630)The Mather Family: Richard (1596-1669); Increase (1639-1723) ; Cotton (1663-1728) ; Names Importan tJonathan Edwards (1703-58): leader of Great Awakening (1740s); author of Sinners at the Hands of Angry God (1741) Anne Bradstreet (1612-72): New England poet, author of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America, 1650Names Importan t1607 versus 1620Jamestown versus Plymouth Smith versus Bradford soldier, adventurer, explorer exploration andsearch for wealth  travel, exploration, hunt for gold preacher and true Puritan God’s mission to build a city on top of the hill settlement and advocate for Puritan ideas• a brave soldier; adventures in Turkey;• advocate for London Company of 1606;• Virginia governor 1608-09;• conflicts with other council members forced him back to England in 1609;• back to New England on whale-hunting trips in 1614John SmithAs an adventurer: experience with Indians; ability to cope with hardships• As an explorer: insatiable enthusiasm to explore the surroundings and into the continent• As an advocate of the settlement•AND the POCAHONTAS hi/storyJohn SmithAll these and diuerse other good things do heere, for want of vse, still increase and decrease with little diminution; whereby they growe to that abundance [that] you shall scarce finde any Baye, shallow shore, or Coue of sand, where you may not take many Clampes, or Lobsters, or both at your pleasure; and in many places lode your boat if you please: nor Iles where youfinde not fruits, birds, crabs, and muskles,or all of them for [the] taking, at a lowe water.Smith: A Description of New EnglandNew World lures这里的气温同英国的确十分相近。

夏天之炎热如这里的气温同英国的确十分相近夏天之炎热如西班牙，冬天之寒冷近似法兰西或英格兰这里西班牙，冬天之寒冷近似法兰西或英格兰这里 四季有风，但这里能令空气为之清新的雷电，我四季有风，但这里能令空气为之清新的雷电，我 在欧洲还从未有见闻从海上进入这片土地只有在欧洲还从未有见闻从海上进入这片土地只有 一处进口，那是一处宽达十八至二十海里，风平一处进口，那是一处宽达十八至二十海里，风平 浪静的湾口这片土地可能比我们所知浪静的湾口这片土地可能比我们所知 的任何地方都更令人愉悦这里的任何地方都更令人愉悦这里 有可供航行的美丽河流，有高山，有可供航行的美丽河流，有高山， 坦坡，平原，深谷，河流小坦坡，平原，深谷，河流小 溪都注入那片美丽的海湾，四周溪都注入那片美丽的海湾，四周 的土地肥沃，硕果累累的土地肥沃，硕果累累New World scenesThe Puritan MarksThe Puritan Marks1517: Luther’s 95 theses; 1530s : Henry VIII broke with Pope; Calvinism — Protestant — PuritanismEngland — Netherlands — AmericaThe Sense of MissionThe Sense of Missioncovenant with God; a city upon a hill; an errand into the wildernessThe Idea of Covenant:Thus stands the cause betweene God and us. We are entered into Covenant with him for this worke. Wee have taken out a Commission, the Lord hath given us leave to drawe our own Articles. … but if wee shall neglect the observation of these Articles which are the ends wee have propounded, and, dissembling with our God,shall fall to embrace this present world and prosecute our carnall intentions, seekeing great things for our selves and our prosperity, the Lord will surely breake out inwrathe against us; …John Winthrop: A Modell of Christian Charity (1630)Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on a Ye are the light of the world. A city that is。