2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第145期.docx

2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Without clear guidelines（ ）, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.in needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析A项in order“整齐，秩序井然”，B项in place“适当，在恰当的位置”，C项in need“在危难中，在穷困中”，D项in trouble表示“处于不幸中”句意：在没有明确的指导方针的情况下，医院的管理人员有时会不知所措因此B项正确2. 单选题If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.问题1选项A.influenceB.strengthC.outlookD.consequence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析momentum表示“动量，动力”；A项influence“影响”，B项strength“力量，力气”，C项outlook“展望，态度，观点”，D项consequence“结果”。

句意：如果你坚持一种必胜的态度，你就会做出更大的努力，也会创造积极的势头根据句意可知B项正确3. 翻译题In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation.【答案】答：在本书中，我们提供了一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来是合理并值得认真考虑的。

但正如任何有经验的作家都知道的那样，在某些情况下，即使是最好的建议也可能不适用写作要针对不同的读者，有不同的目的，有不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有提出的这一切的要求本书是无法预见到的我们认识到适合一篇文章的东西不一定适合另一篇文章在大多数情况下，你必须不惜一切代价避免含糊不清，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字4. 单选题Under the rules of the International Olympic Committee, Jim Thorpe forfeited his amateur status when he played semiprofessional baseball in 1911.问题1选项A.tested tB.exploited tC.announced tD.lost【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析forfeit表示“丧失权利、名誉、生命等”；A项test“测试”，B项exploit“开发，开拓”，C项announce“宣布”，D项lost“丢失，丧失”句意：根据国际奥委会的规定，当吉姆索普在1911年参加半职业棒球比赛时，他就丧失了业余棒球运动员的身份。

根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确5. 单选题There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents’ wishes.问题1选项A.enhancedB.revisedC.alternatedD.modified【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析alter to表示“更改，改变”；A项enhance“增强”，B项revise“修正，校订”，C项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，D项modify“修改，修饰”句意：人们担心婴儿的基因会被改变以满足父母的愿望根据句意可知，选择D项正确6. 翻译题Apart from flights, telephones and television, one of the most significant ways in which life in the twentieth century differs from antiquity is the pervasive presence of clocks. Our lives are scheduled around specific times and intervals in a fashion that would have been impossible in ancient Rome.When and how did this profound change come about? Did monasteries acquire the first clocks and then, in league with an emerging merchant class, enforce their own rigid time standards on the surrounding populace? This view—the accepted interpretation for at least 50 year—is carefully dissected and challenged in Dohrn-van Rossum’s revisionist account.【答案】除了飞机、和电视之外，二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。

我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单，这在古罗马是不可能出现的这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的？是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后，联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗？在至少50年的时间里，这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-van Rossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战7. 单选题The FDA was created to（ ）the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.问题1选项A.manipulateB.adjustC.regulateD.manage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析A项manipulate“操纵，操作”，B项adjust“调整”，C项regulate“调节，控制”，D项manage“管理，经营”；根据关键词safety of product（产品的安全性）和后面的review（检查）以及grant（承认，允许）可推断，空格部分表示“控制，规范”句意：FDA的成立是为了监管产品的安全性，审查申请和批准因此，该题选择C项正确8. 单选题（ ）this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.问题1选项A.Tied up withB.Fed up withC.Wrapped up inD.Piled up with【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项tied up with“和……有密切关系”，B项fed up with“受够了；极厌恶”，C项wrapped up in“醉心于……的；全心照料……的”，D项piled up with“堆满”根据关键词dull life（沉闷的生活）可知，空格处填入“厌倦”最合适句意：厌倦了这种枯燥的生活，全职妈妈决定找一份兼职工作因此，该题B项正确9. 单选题Trees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world’s trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world’s temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun’s heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how 。