
人教版八年级英语上册单词-短语-句型和语法总结.doc
21页人教版八年级英语上册单词 - 短 语-句型和语法总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词用法注意:1. some 和 any +可数名/不可数名some 多用于肯定句,any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 有些问句中用 some,不用 any, 问话者希望得到对 方肯定回答2. 由 some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来……3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于……16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold2It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.seem like ... 好像,似乎…..It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......”arrive at +小地点(注:若后跟地点副词 here/there/home, 介词需省略,如: arrive here; get home)4. feel like sth 感觉像…feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。
6. because of +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He can’t take a walk because of the rain.I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名词 足够的…...形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?【重点语法】1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后常用于一般现在时态中2.“次数”的表达方法一次 once, 两次 twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,3. how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语常见的 how 疑问词:1)How soon 多久(以后)—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来2)how long “多久”—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。
3)How many+名复How much+不可名34510. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】1. 形容词和副词的比较等级(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级(2)比较级,表示较……或更……(3)最高级, 表示最...2. 比较级句型:(1)A + be 动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A 比 B 更……”(注意:A 与 B 必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物 与物进行对比)(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A 比 B…”(3)比较 A ,B 两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型:“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?3. 比较级的特殊用法(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”4. 两者在某一方面相同: A+谓语动词/be 动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”I am not as tall as my sister.5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。
当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用 much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级注意: 比较级不 能用 very, so, too, quite 等修饰重点短语】1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗2. as...as...与…… 一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的65. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与……相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注8. be different from 与…...不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长11. bring out 显示/显出12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩13. reach for 伸手达到/达到14. touch one’s heart 感动15. in fact 事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一个19. be similar to 与…相似20. be good with 与…和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情23. It’s+adj+(for sb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是...的 ”24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友25. as long as 只要;既然,引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】1. be good at=do well in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词,表示擅长......2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care (当/小心)take care of (照顾)=look after3. make sb. do sth. : 让(使)某人做某事(make 后跟不带 to 的不定式) His father always make me get up before five o'clock.make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy.4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.75. That’s why+句子:那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。
6. be different from 与……不同反:be the same as 与…… 相同7. though① adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)② conj. 虽然;尽管=although,与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didn’t, though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来 Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him. 尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩9. does(助动词 do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?【重点语法】1. 形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较标志词:表比较范围时用 in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词 the,副词最高级前可省略 the2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of 介词短语)2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的 of/in 介词短语3. 常。
