语音基础知识.doc

语音知识一．关于语音的几个概念 1字母：语言的书写形式元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2音标：词的语音形式 3音素：音的最小的单位英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音英语中有20个元音 辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音英语中有28个辅音其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]） 4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name， bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 6闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, , sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节 二. 元音： [i:]sea, he, see, piece, ceiling[i]sit, build, miss, myth[e]bed, desk, head[æ]bad, land, bank, stamp[a:]fast, class, plant, calm [ɔ]hot, want[ɔ:]door, sport, warm, bought[u:]good, who, blue, soup[u]look, put, women, could[∧]cup, come, blood, rough[ә:]girl, work, serve, nurse[ә]ago, forget, dollar, doctor, famous[ei]cake, they, play, eight, great[ai]bike, light, try, find, height, eye[әu]phone, cold, boat, soul, grow[au]house, town[ɔi]boy, oil[iә]dear, idea, deer, here, fierce[εә]pear, care, there, fair[uә]tour, poor三. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [æ] bed --bad men-- man pen--pan lend --land 2)[i:] [ei] real --rail greet--great mean--main read-- raid 3)[e] [ai] bet --bite red --write said --side head--hide 4)[au] [ɔ:] house—horse loud—lord south-- sauce now-- nor 5)[au] [∧] found --fond gown --gone down-- don 四. 辅音 [p]pen, picnic[b] bed, big，break[t]tell, student[d]day, played, wanted[k]cold, sky, quick, back, accept, [g]big, go, guess, language[m]man， milk[n]nine, knife, autumn[η]bank, uncle, English, sing,[r]read, write,[l]land, world，luck[f]five, cough, laugh[v]voice, of，live[h]hot, who, hour[θ]think, thank[s]sit, miss, science, case, scarf[ ð]this, bathe[z]zoo, close,[з]pleasure，treasure[∫]sure, she, social, nation[w]wall, what, answer[j]Yes，yield，yell[t∫]child, teach, catch[dз]joke, bridge[ts]boats， students[dz]goods，boards[tr]tree， trip[dr]dream，drop五. 容易混淆的辅音 1)[v] -[w] vet –wet vest --west; vine --wine; very-- well 2)[s] -[θ] sink—think sort –thought miss—myth mass --math 3)[z]- [ð] closing—clothing breeze—breathe bays --bathes 4)[n] -[η] thin –thing sin –sing win—wing ran-- rang Tongue twisters （绕口令）Of /i:/ and /i/Quick kiss, quicker kiss, quickest kiss.I feel I need a cup of weak green tea.The geese were feeding green leaves beneath the trees.We eat meat, peas, beans and cheese for our three meals.Of /e/ and /æ /Say well and do well, end with one letter; Say well is good, do well is better.Where are you going, my little cat?I’ m going to town to buy a new hat.Of /ә:/, /ә/ and /Λ/The first early bird heard an early worm stir in the earth.The worker in a dirty shirt works in the first workshop.The girl is learning German in earnest.Butter and sugar and eggs and flour, But you never must open to the oven door.Of / ɔ:/ ,/ Λ/and /ɑ:/A large cart passed Martin’s garden off his guard.The hard hearted guard stood in the dark.Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you are!As your bright and tiny spark,Lights the traveler in the darkExercises：A big black bear bit the back of a big black pig. Then a big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. And when the big black bug bit the big black bear, the big black pig bit back the big black bear.She sells sea shells by the sea shore.The shells she sells are surely seashells.So if she sells shells on the seashells.I am sure she sells seashore shells.Spring brings many charming thing:Birds are flying, Lambs are dancing,Flowers blossoming, Trees are buddingLarks are saying: “Good morning”.Mother met a monkey in the middle of the market and make a mailbox of money.If many men knew what many men knowIf many men went where many men go,If many men did what many men do,The world would be better; I think so, don’t you?Nicky saw blue light at night?The lice are not nice.The lad had a nap on his lap.He knocked at the locked door.Let the net go.The cook baked a cake. The cake is like a rock.Cook cooked a cup of cold creamy custard.The careful country cook could keep his coat clean in making cookies for the King and Queen.Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, where is the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?At noon I took a bookAnd sat by the pool near the school.I soon took off my shoeAnd put my foot in the pool.Butter and sugar and eggs and flour, Beat them, and you beat them, for half an hour;Bake the cake for an hour or more,But you never must open to the oven door.。