白易礼：大学英语四级考试语法笔记25.docx

白易礼：大学英语四级考试语法笔记25He must stop smoking. 他必需戒烟说话人认为他必需)　　This is an awful film. ?We really must go. 这部电影糟透了-我们肯定要离开这里说话人认为必需)　　You have to go and see the boss. 你肯定得去见见老板客观因素)　　Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. 天主教徒星期天必需去做礼拜客观因素，如教规等 )　　留意：must not表示“肯定不行”; don’t have to(或 haven’t got to )表示“不必，没必要”，两者意思极为不同英国英语中常用needn’t来代替 haven’t got to 或don’t have to,如： .Ｅxamda.CoM　　You mustn’t tell Jenny. =Don’t tell Jenny. 你肯定不要告知珍妮　　You don’t have to tell Jenny. =You can if you like but it isn’t necessary. 你不必非要告知珍妮。

　　3、need 作为情态动词与行为动词的区分作为情态动词，need 无过去式和将来时，故用had to, will have to替代，主要用在否认句、疑问句、条件句中，意思是“有必要”例如：　　He need not come at once. 他不必立刻就来　　If you need go there, please tell me now. 假如你需要去那儿，请告知我　　Need he come at once? 他必需立刻回来吗?　　(答复要用must, have to, ought to, should等例如：Need he come at once? Yes, he must/ought to /should/has to. No, he needn’t /doesn’t have to /mustn’t.)needn’t have done表示“原来不必做某事而实际上已经做了”例如：　　We needn’t have waited for him. 我们原来不必等他的实际上已等他了)　　用作实义动词时，need可用于确定句、 否认句和疑问句，是“需要”之意如：　　You need to wash your hands. 你需要洗手。

　　Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 他需要每日服药四次吗?　　We didn’t need to see him at all. 我们根本不必要看他(实际上也没去看他，请比拟needn’t have done的用法)　　need做实义动词时，后面的宾语假如是动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，假如是不定式的被动形式，来表示被动意义类似need的这种用法，还有require, want等例如：　　The dinning room needs cleaning every day. =The dinning room needs to be cleaned every day. 食堂需要每天清扫　　My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。