经济学原理对应练习--08.doc

Chapter 8Application: The Costs of TaxationMultiple Choice 1. In 1776, the American Revolution was sparked by anger overa. the extravagant lifestyle of British royalty.b. the crimes of British soldiers stationed in the American colonies.c. British taxes imposed on the American colonies.d. the failure of the British to protect American colonists from attack by hostile Native Americans.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 2. Anger over British taxes played a significant role in bringing abouta. the election of John Adams as the second American president.b. the American Revolution.c. the War of 1812.d. the “no new taxes” clause in the U.S. Constitution.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 3. When Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency in 1980, he pledged to bring abouta. large cuts in personal income taxes.b. large cuts in payroll taxes.c. large increases in personal income taxes.d. large increases in payroll taxes.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 4. Which U.S. president lost his bid for re-election, in part because he had broken an earlier campaign promise to refrain from imposing any new taxes?a. Lyndon B. Johnsonb. Jimmy Carterc. George H.W. Bushd. Bill ClintonANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 5. During Ronald Reagan's presidency, the top tax rate on income fell froma. 36 percent to 22 percent.b. 50 percent to 22 percent.c. 50 percent to 28 percent.d. 70 percent to 28 percent.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Tax rates MSC: Definitional 6. In recent decades, which of the following U.S. presidents promised tax cuts and subsequently delivered tax cuts?a. Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reaganb. Ronald Reagan and Bill Clintonc. Gerald Ford and George W. Bushd. Ronald Reagan and George W. BushANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 7. Who once said that taxes are the price we pay for a civilized society?a. Aristotleb. George Washingtonc. Oliver Wendell Holmesd. Ronald ReaganANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 8. To fully understand how taxes affect economic well-being, we musta. assume that economic well-being is not affected if all tax revenue is spent on goods and services for the people who are being taxed.b. know the dollar amount of all taxes raised in the country each year.c. compare the reduced welfare of buyers and sellers to the amount of revenue the government raises.d. take into account the fact that almost all taxes reduce the welfare of buyers, increase the welfare of sellers, and raise revenue for the government.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 9. Oliver Wendell Holmes once said taxesa. are the price we pay for a civilized society.b. are a fact of life.c. cannot be escaped unless you are in jail.d. can be avoided only by the rich.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 10. When a tax is levied on a good, the buyers and sellers of the good share the burden, a. provided the tax is levied on the sellers.b. provided the tax is levied on the buyers.c. provided a portion of the tax is levied on the buyers, with the remaining portion levied on the sellers.d. regardless of how the tax is levied.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax burden MSC: Interpretive 11. A tax on a gooda. raises the price that buyers effectively pay and raises the price that sellers effectively receive.b. raises the price that buyers effectively pay and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.c. lowers the price that buyers effectively pay and raises the price that sellers effectively receive.d. lowers the price that buyers effectively pay and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Prices MSC: Interpretive 12. When a good is taxed,a. both buyers and sellers of the good are made worse off.b. only buyers are made worse off, because they ultimately bear the burden of the tax.c. only sellers are made worse off, because the government holds them responsible for sending in the tax payments.d. neither buyers nor sellers are made worse off, since tax revenue is used to provide goods and services that would otherwise not be provided in a market economy.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 13. To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the tools of a. macroeconomics.b. welfare economics.c. international-trade theory.d. circular-flow analysis.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 14. When a tax is imposed on a good,a. the supply curve for the good always shifts.b. the demand curve for the good always shifts.c. the amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains unchanged.d. the 。