国际货物买卖合同中买卖双方权利义务.ppt

国际货物买卖合同中买卖双方权利义务 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life, there is hope有生命必有希望有生命必有希望义务渊源l联合国国际货物销售合同公约lIncoterms2000l合同法总则及分则第九章l当事人约定8/21/20242ruc hly公约规定的义务l共同义务l保全货物l通知l卖方的四大义务l买方的两大义务8/21/20243ruc hly卖方的义务l交付合同规定的货物l交付单据（转移所有权）l货物相符l权利保证8/21/20244ruc hlyArticle 30 lThe seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this Convention.lSection I. Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents 8/21/20245ruc hly1－交货：deliver the goodsl何为交付：自愿转移占有／形式？l地点l特定地点l涉及运输，交给第一承运人l不涉及运输，特定货物或未特定化货物，知悉的特定地点l其他情况，卖方订立合同时的营业地l时间l具体日期／一段时期／合同订立后合理时间8/21/20246ruc hly31（b）l31.If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place, his obligation to deliver consists:……l(b) if, in cases not within the preceding subparagraph, the contract relates to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced, and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the parties knew knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured or produced at, a particular placea particular place--in placing the goods at the buyer's disposal at that place; 8/21/20247ruc hly交货方式（运输）l交给承运人l加注货物标记／注明货物，否则发货通知l如果安排运输，必要运输合同l如果无义务保险，提供保险帮助8/21/20248ruc hly32(2)l 32(2) If the seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the goods, he must make such contracts as are necessary for carriage to the place fixed by means of transportation appropriate in the circumstances and according to the usual terms for such transportation.8/21/20249ruc hly2－交单l交付单据(转移所有权)l与国内贸易的最大不同l交货之外的独立义务l按合同规定的时间、地点、形式8/21/202410ruc hlyArticle 34 lIf the seller is bound to hand over documents If the seller is bound to hand over documents relating to the goods, he must hand them over relating to the goods, he must hand them over at at the time and place and in the formthe time and place and in the form required by the required by the contractcontract. If the seller has handed over documents . If the seller has handed over documents before that time, he may, up to that time, cure any before that time, he may, up to that time, cure any lack of conformity in the documents, if the exercise lack of conformity in the documents, if the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense. However, inconvenience or unreasonable expense. However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages as the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention. provided for in this Convention. 8/21/202411ruc hly3货物相符l四方面l数量（溢短装）l质量l规格l包装l如何确定相符l约定标准（相互间的关系）l规格（买方或卖方的规定确定A65）l说明l样品l公约最低标准8/21/202412ruc hly3－货物相符（公约标准）l四标准：买方订约时已知例外（卖方免买方订约时已知例外（卖方免责）责）l通常使用目的l特定目的l样品l通常方式包装8/21/202413ruc hly　货物检查l标准／机构／时间／地点l卖方检验，结算依据l买方检验，最终依据l双方约定8/21/202414ruc hly　买方通知不符时间l及时检验l及时通知不符l过期丧失主张不符权l卖方已知或不可能不知而未告知的，例外8/21/202415ruc hly　货物不符与风险转移l货物不符与途中灭损风险承担是两个不同问题l卖方负责期限CISG36l卖方应按照合同和本公约的规定，对风险转移到买方时所存在的任何不符合同情形，负有责任，即使这种不符合同情形在该时间后方始明显。

l卖方对上一款所述时间后发生的任何不符情形，也应负有责任，如果这种不符合同情形是由于卖方违反他的某项义务所致，包括违反关于在一段时间内货物将继续适用于其通常适用的目的或某种特定目的，或将保持某种特定质量或性质的任何保证　l风险转移时l风险转移后－违约延长期限8/21/202416ruc hly卖方对货物不符的责任l买方订约时知道不符否？l不知，卖方有责l已知，卖方免责l（卖方已知？）l买方收货后合理通知？l有，则卖方有责l无，则买方失权l卖方已知而没告知，不能主张买方失权（保护买方）8/21/202417ruc hlyArticle 35 一般要求l35(1) The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. 8/21/202418ruc hly四标准l35(2) Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they: l(a) are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used; (b) are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to rely, on the seller's skill and judgment; (c) possess the qualities of goods which the seller has held out to the buyer as a sample or model; (d) are contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods or, where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods. 8/21/202419ruc hly卖方负责的期限l36(1) The seller is liable in accordance with the contract and this Convention for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the buyer, even though the lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that time. l(2) The seller is also liable for any lack of conformity which occurs after the time indicated in the preceding paragraph and which is due to a breach of any of his obligations, including a breach of any guarantee that for a period of time the goods will remain fit for their ordinary purpose or for some particular purpose or will retain specified qualities or characteristics. 8/21/202420ruc hly35（3）卖方因买方已知而免责l35(3) The seller is not liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of the preceding paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods if at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of such lack of conformity.8/21/202421ruc hly38    买方检查时间、地点l(1) The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances. l(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at their destination. l(3) If the goods are redirected in transit or redispatched by the buyer without a reasonable opportunity for examination by him and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or ought to have known of the possibility of such redirection or redispatch, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at the new destination. 8/21/202422ruc hly39  不符通知l(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the lack of conformity within a reasonable time after he has discovered it or ought to have discovered it. l(2) In any event, the buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give the seller notice thereof at the latest within a period of two years from the date on which the goods were actually handed over to the buyer, unless this time-limit is inconsistent with a contractual period of guarantee. 8/21/202423ruc hly40卖方已知缺陷，保护买方lThe seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of articles 38 and 39 if the lack of conformity relates to facts of which he knew or could not have been unaware and which he did not disclose to the buyer.8/21/202424ruc hly4卖方权利担保义务与责任l何种权利l何时权利l何地权利l对谁l严格　8/21/202425ruc hly4－物权担保l交付的货物，第三方不能提出任何权利或要求l买方同意例外（卖方免责）l买方及时通知与失权l卖方知或应知权利要求，不能主张买方失权（保护买方）8/21/202426ruc hly知识产权权利担保l第三方不得提出知识产权权利或要求l预期转售地／使用地l买方所在地l订约时卖方已知或不可能不知l买方已知或提供图样例外l买方及时通知与失权l卖方已知或应知，不能主张买方失权8/21/202427ruc hly案例讨论l许可方欧洲公司l被许可方中国公司l多条生产线l      合法l     自己组装l出口美国 被指控侵权l     其他国家？l怎办8/21/202428ruc hlyArticle 41 物权性质的要求lThe seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of a third party, unless the buyer agreed to take the goods subject to that right or claim. However, if such right or claim is based on industrial property or other intellectual property, the seller's obligation is governed by article 42. 8/21/202429ruc hlyArticle 42 卖方对缔约时已知IP承责l(1) The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of a third party based on industrial property or other intellectual property, of which at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could not have been unaware, provided that the right or claim is based on industrial property or other intellectual property: l(a) under the law of the State where the goods will be resold or otherwise used, if it was contemplated by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the contract that the goods would be resold or otherwise used in that State; or (b) in any other case, under the law of the State where the buyer has his place of business. 8/21/202430ruc hlyArticle 42 买方已知使卖方免责l(2) The obligation of the seller under the preceding paragraph does not extend tonot extend to cases where: l(a) at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of the right or claim; or(b) the right or claim results from the seller's compliance with technical drawings, designs, formulae or other such specifications furnished by the buyer. 8/21/202431ruc hly43　买方通知义务与卖方已知l43(1) The buyer loses the right to rely on the provisions of article 41 or article 42 if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the right or claim of the third party within a reasonable time after he has become aware or ought to have become aware of the right or claim. l(2) The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of the preceding paragraph if he knew of the right or claim of the third party and the nature of it. l44 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of article 39 and paragraph (1) of article 43, the buyer may reduce the price in accordance with article 50 or claim damages, except for loss of profit, if he has a reasonable excuse for his failure to give the required notice.8/21/202432ruc hly买方义务l支付价款l支付准备和实际支付l?卖方未交付货物,应否付款l接收货物l接收准备和实际接收l不是接受8/21/202433ruc hlyArticle  53l53 The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract and this Convention.8/21/202434ruc hly54付款准备l54. The buyer's obligation to pay the price includes taking such steps and complying with such formalities as may be required under the contract or any laws and regulations to enable payment to be made. 8/21/202435ruc hly付款地点l特定地点l卖方营业地l交货／交单地8/21/202436ruc hly57　付款地点l57(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other particular place, he must pay it to the seller: l(a) at the seller's place of business; or (b) if the payment is to be made against the handing over of the goods or of documents, at the place where the handing over takes place. l(2) The seller must bear any increase in the expenses incidental to payment which is caused by a change in his place of business subsequent to the conclusion of the contract.8/21/202437ruc hly付款时间l特定时间l货物或单据交买方控制时l支付可为交付条件l付款可为发运货物条件l验货机会前可不支付l与交货或支付程序抵触除外l到期付款，无需催办8/21/202438ruc hly58付款时间l(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other specific time, he must pay it when the seller places either the goods or documents controlling their disposition at the buyer's disposal in accordance with the contract and this Convention. The seller may make such payment a condition for handing over the goods or documents. l(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller may dispatch the goods on terms whereby the goods, or documents controlling their disposition, will not be handed over to the buyer except against payment of the price. l(3) The buyer is not bound to pay the price until he has had an opportunity to examine the goods, unless the procedures for delivery or payment agreed upon by the parties are inconsistent with his having such an opportunity. 8/21/202439ruc hly55 价格的确定l55. Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned.l56. If the price is fixed according to the weight of the goods, in case of doubt it is to be determined by the net weight. 8/21/202440ruc hly收取货物l采取一切行动，便利卖方交货lFOB下的租船l接收货物lFOB下的派船8/21/202441ruc hly收货义务l66.The buyer's obligation to take delivery consists: l(a) in doing all the acts which could reasonably be expected of him in order to enable the seller to make delivery; and(b) in taking over the goods.8/21/202442ruc hly共同义务1－保全货物l保全情形l买方推迟收货，或货款同时清结时不付款，卖方控制货物l买方收到货物，但打算退货l买方退货，代收货物l保全措施种类l寄放l出售（条件）l合理性费用及补偿8/21/202443ruc hly共同义务2－通知l行权通知l宣告合同无效的通知（26条）l通知未能及时到达，不影响通知人的权利（27条）l另外要求的通知（设定义务的通知）l到达生效，如履约宽限期的规定8/21/202444ruc hly违约类型l根本违约与非根本违约l效果l预期违约与实际违约l时间l根本违约　V.　预期违约l交叉　8/21/202445ruc hly根本违约的界定及结果l违约后果剥夺受害人预期利益（主观）l违约方没有预知（主观）l第三人无理由预知（客观）l受害方可宣告合同无效8/21/202446ruc hly分批交货与根本违约l批次货物与合同的关系l批次货物l前后批次货物l合同货物l宣告合同无效8/21/202447ruc hly25根本违约l25　A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental fundamental lif it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. 8/21/202448ruc hly预期违约l时间l表现l措施l中止l宣告合同无效l保证8/21/202449ruc hly71预期违约anticipatory breachl71.(1) A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of: l(a) a serious deficiency in his ability of perform or in his creditworthiness; or (b) his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract. 8/21/202450ruc hly71预期违约（续）l(2) If the seller has already dispatched the goods before the grounds described in the preceding paragraph become evident, he may prevent the handing over of the goods to the buyer even though the buyer holds a document which entitles him to obtain them. The present paragraph relates only to the rights in the goods as between the buyer and the seller. l(3) A party suspending performance, whether before or after dispatch of the goods, must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate assurance of his performance.8/21/202451ruc hly违约责任l责任类型与救济措施l合同责任与侵权责任l合同前/中/后责任l赔偿责任l其他责任（救济）8/21/202452ruc hly赔偿的原则l普遍适用l非他所能控制的障碍时的免除l高低要求8/21/202453ruc hly赔偿原则l一方当事人违反合同应负的损害赔偿额，应与另一方当事人因他违反合同遭受的包括利润在内的损失额相等。

实际）lsubject to l这种损害赔偿不得超过违反合同一方在订立合同时依照他当时已知或理应知道的事实和情况，对违反合同预料到或理应预料到的可能损失预期）8/21/202454ruc hly存在替代交易时的赔偿l如果合同被宣告无效，宣告无效后的合理时间内，买方以合理方式购买替代物，或卖方以合理方式转售，则要求赔偿的一方可以获得l合同价格与替代交易价格之间的差额l以及据上述赔偿的一般原则可以取得的其他损害赔偿8/21/202455ruc hly没有替代交易时的赔偿l如果合同被宣告无效，当事人没有转售或购买货物，而货物在交付地点又有时价，则要求损害赔偿的一方，可以取得合同价与宣告合同无效时的时价之间的差额及据一般赔偿原则可取得的其他赔偿l如果买方接收货物后又宣告合同无效，则适用接收货物时、交付货物地的时价，即合同价与接收货物时的时价之间的差额8/21/202456ruc hly有关损害赔偿的一些原则l实际与合理预期　74l45.2/61.2 not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other remedies.l79.5　Nothing in this article prevents either party from exercising any right other than to claim damages under this Convention.8/21/202457ruc hly74损害赔偿的一般原则：实损l74. Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profitincluding loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. Such damages may not exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to have known, as a possible consequence of the breach of contract. 8/21/202458ruc hly75解除合同时的损害赔偿：差价l75.If the contract is avoided and if, in a reasonable manner and within a reasonable time after avoidance, the buyer has bought goods in replacement or the seller has resold the goods, the party claiming damages may recover the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74.8/21/202459ruc hly76解除合同时的损害赔偿l76. (1) If the contract is avoided and there is a current price for the goods, the party claiming damages may, if he has not made a purchase or resale under article 75, recover the difference between the price fixed by the contract and the current price at the time of avoidance as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74. If, however, the party claiming damages has avoided the contract after taking over the goods, the current price at the time of such taking over shall be applied instead of the current price at the time of avoidance. 8/21/202460ruc hly76.(2) current price l(2) For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current price is the price prevailing at the place where delivery of the goods should have been made or, if there is no current price at that place, the price at such other place as serves as a reasonable substitute, making due allowance for differences in the cost of transporting the goods.8/21/202461ruc hly卖方违约时的其他救济形式l实际履行l交付替代物l根本违约／及时通知l修理l宽限期l减价l宣告合同无效l多交货物时的处理8/21/202462ruc hly买方违约时的其他救济形式l支付价款l收到货物l履约宽限期l宣告合同无效8/21/202463ruc hly减价1l要求减价的适用情况或限制（补救）l减价按实际交付的货物在交货时的价值与符合合同的货物在当时的价值两者之间的比例计算。

l合同价100　实际交付的货价80？8/21/202464ruc hly减价1－比例计算l合同价　　　符合合同的时价l　？　　　　不符合同的时价l？＝l合同价＊不符合同的时价／符合合同的时价8/21/202465ruc hly减价比例lIf the goods do not conform with the contract and whether or not the price has already been paid, the buyer may reduce the price in the same proportion as the value that the goods actually delivered had at the time of the delivery bears to the value that conforming goods would have had at that time. However, if the seller remedies any failure to perform his obligations in accordance with article 37 or article 48 or if the buyer refuses to accept performance by the seller in accordance with those articles, the buyer may not reduce the price. 8/21/202466ruc hly宣告合同无效avoidancel含义l效果l条件l限制8/21/202467ruc hly含义与效果l含义l相当于解除合同l效果l解除双方合同项下的义务l赔偿存在l争端解决条款依然有效l可恢复原状8/21/202468ruc hly买方宣告合同无效的条件l卖方根本违约l未交货时l宽限期满不交货，或l期内声明不交货8/21/202469ruc hly买方宣告无效权利的限制l相关合理期限内未宣告无效l延迟交货时，知道交货后l非延迟交货l知或应知违约l宽限期满／声明不履约后l补救期满／声明不接受后8/21/202470ruc hly卖方宣告合同无效的条件l根本违约l宽限期内不付款或不收货，或声明不做8/21/202471ruc hly卖方宣告合同无效权的限制l买方已经支付价款l迟延履行，知道买方发行义务前l迟延履行外，已知应知后合理期限l宽限期满／声明不履约后合理期限8/21/202472ruc hly81宣告合同无效（解除合同）的效果l(1) Avoidance of the contract releases both parties from their obligations under it, subject to any damages which may be due. Avoidance does not affect any provision of the contract for the settlement of disputes or any other provision of the contract governing the rights and obligations of the parties consequent upon the avoidance of the contract. 8/21/202473ruc hly81返还／恢复原状l(2) A party who has performed the contract either wholly or in part maymay claim restitution from the other party of whatever the first party has supplied or paid under the contract. If both parties are bound to make restitution, they must do so concurrently. 8/21/202474ruc hly49买方宣布合同无效的条件l49(1) The buyer may declare the contract avoided: l(a) if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract; or (b) in case of non-delivery, if the seller does not deliver the goods within the additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47 or declares that he will not deliver within the period so fixed.8/21/202475ruc hly49买方宣告合同无效的限制条件l(2) However, in cases where the seller has delivered the goods, the buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so: l(a) in respect of late delivery, within a reasonable time after he has become aware that delivery has been made; 8/21/202476ruc hly49买方宣告合同无效的限制条件l(b) in respect of any breach other than late delivery, within a reasonable time:l(i) after he knew or ought to have known of the breach; l(ii) after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 47, or after the seller has declared that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period; or l(iii) after the expiration of any additional period of time indicated by the seller in accordance with paragraph (2) of article 48, or after the buyer has declared that he will not accept performances. 8/21/202477ruc hly82对买方限制l82(1) The buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods if it is impossible for him to make restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received them. 8/21/202478ruc hly82买方限制例外l(2) The preceding paragraph does not apply: l(a) if the impossibility of making restitution of the goods or of making restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which the buyer received them is not due to his act or omission; l(b) the goods or part of the goods have perished or deteriorated as a result of the examination provided for in article 38; or l(c) if the goods or part of the goods have been sold in the normal course of business or have been consumed or transformed by the buyer in the course of normal use before he discovered or ought to have discovered the lack of conformity. 8/21/202479ruc hly83买方保留其他救济权利lA buyer who has lost the right to declare the contract avoided or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods in accordance with article 82 retains all other remedies under the contract and this Convention. 8/21/202480ruc hly64卖方宣告合同无效l64(1) The seller may declare the contract avoided: l(a) if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract; or (b) if the buyer does not, within the additional period of time fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 63, perform his obligation to pay the price or take delivery of the goods, or if he declares that he will not do so within the period so fixed; 8/21/202481ruc hly64卖方宣告无效的限制l(2) However, in cases where the buyer has paid the price, the seller loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so: l(a) in respect of late performance by the buyer, before the seller has become aware that performance has been rendered; or(b) in respect of any breach other than late performance by the buyer, within a reasonable time: (i) after the seller knew or ought to have known of the breach; or (ii) after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 63, or after the buyer has declared that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period. 8/21/202482ruc hly84利益返还l(1) If the seller is bound to refund the price, he must also pay interest on it, from the date on which the price was paid. l(2) The buyer must account to the seller for all benefits which he has derived from the goods or part of them: l(a) if he must make restitution of the goods or part of them; or (b) if it is impossible for him to make restitution of all or part of the goods or to make restitution of all or part of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received them, but he has nevertheless declared the contract avoided or required the seller to deliver substitute goods. 8/21/202483ruc hly免责事项l违约但不承担违约责任l免责事项l非他所能控制的障碍l第三方不履行l对方违约在先8/21/202484ruc hly非他所能控制的障碍l当事人不履行义务，如果他能证明此种不履行义务是由于某种非他所能控制的障碍，且对于这种障碍没有理由预期他在订立合同时能考虑到，或能避免或克服它或其后果。

l证明l不能合理预期（客观）l其订约时能考虑、避免或克服8/21/202485ruc hly涉及第三方违约l国际货物买卖合同的当事人，如果该当事人不履行义务是由于他所雇佣履行合同的全部或部分义务的第三方不履行义务所致，该当事人只有在以下情况下才能免除责任：l该当事人按非他所能控制的障碍的规定应免除责任，和l假如该款的规定也适用于他所雇佣的人，这个人也同样会免除责任8/21/202486ruc hlyArticle 79(1)l79(1) A party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations if he proves that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control and that he could not reasonably be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or overcome it or its consequences. 8/21/202487ruc hlyArticle 79(2)l79(2) If the party's failure is due to the failure by a third person whom he has engaged to perform the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt from liability only if: l(a) he is exempt under the preceding paragraph; and (b) the person whom he has so engaged would be so exempt if the provisions of that paragraph were applied to him.8/21/202488ruc hly免责期限、范围、限制l持续期间l免予赔偿l对方收到通知8/21/202489ruc hly79免责期限与通知义务/其他权利l(3) The exemption provided by this article has effect for the period during which the impediment exists. l(4) The party who fails to perform must give notice to the other party of the impediment and its effect on his ability to perform. If the notice is not received by the other party within a reasonable time after the party who fails to perform knew or ought to have known of the impediment, he is liable for damages resulting from such non-receipt. l(5) Nothing in this article prevents either party from exercising any right other than to claim damages under this Convention. 8/21/202490ruc hly80索赔方的过失l索赔方行为造成对方违约，索赔受限l（中国法）双方有过失时的相应责任8/21/202491ruc hly索赔方没有过失（手不干净）lA party may not rely on a failure of the other party to perform, to the extent that such failure was caused by the first party's act or omission. 8/21/202492ruc hly所有权的转移和保留l属国内法规定l交付时转移,法律另规定/当事人另约定除外l所有权可以保留l保留的效力l中国物权法的规定及影响l费用的划分8/21/202493ruc hly风险的转移l公约的规定A66-70l中国合同法142-1498/21/202494ruc hly风险转移的效果l风险承担的时间分配l风险转移的后果l与其他义务履行的关系l根本违约的影响8/21/202495ruc hly公约有关风险转移的规定l货物在风险转移到买方承担后遗失或损坏，买方支付价款的义务并不因此而解除，除非这种遗失或损坏是由于卖方的行为或不行为所造成l如果卖方已根本违反合同，（67-69条）有关风险转移的规定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以采取的各种补救办法。

8/21/202496ruc hly涉及运输交付承运人l无特定地点交货，货交第一承运人时转移l特定地点交货，交付承运人前不转l以交付为条件l卖方控制单据，不影响转移l货物的特定化要求l以特定化为条件8/21/202497ruc hly运输途销售的货物l订立合同时转移l交付承运人时转移l卖方已知或应知损失，不转移8/21/202498ruc hly其他情形下的转移l买方接收货物时l买方应接收货物时（交由买方处置）l营业地外地点l交货时间、地点交由处置时l交买方处置以货物的识别为条件8/21/202499ruc hly中国合同法142-149l可能确定装运时间、目的港的通知8/21/2024100ruc hlyCHAPTER IV. PASSING OF RISK l Article 66 lLoss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge him from his obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of the seller.  8/21/2024101ruc hly卖方先根本违约风险转移的影响 lA70. If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the breach. 8/21/2024102ruc hlyArticle 67 l(1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place. The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passage of the risk. 8/21/2024103ruc hly货物必须特定化l(2) Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.  8/21/2024104ruc hlyArticle 68 途中货物／损失未披露l68. The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage. Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the risk of the seller.  8/21/2024105ruc hlyArticle 69 买方接收或应接收时l69(1) In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to the buyer when he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so in due time, from the time when the goods are placed at his disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take delivery. 8/21/2024106ruc hly69特定地点应接收时l69(2) However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods are placed at his disposal at that place. 8/21/2024107ruc hly69未特定化不视为交付买方l69(3) If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract. 8/21/2024108ruc hly中国合同法142-149l可能确定装运时间、目的港的通知8/21/2024109ruc hly。