英语词汇学复习提纲11页.docx

英语词汇学复习提纲Part I概念题1. （glossary） a list of the difficult words used in a piece of writing or subject, with explanations of their meanings2. (phrase) a group of words that form a unit within a clause3. (expression) unclassified linguistic unit of any length: words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc.4. (diction) the choice of words used in a speech or piece of writing5. (vocabulary) words in general known, learnt, used, etc. or a list of words, usually in alphabetical order and with explanations of their meanings6. (lexicon) all the words and phrases in a language or a dictionary7. (lexis) all the words in a language8. (word) the smallest unit of spoken or written language which has meaning and can stand alone9. (Etymology) the study of origins and development of words10. (Lexicography) the writing and making of dictionaries11. (Lexical semantics) the study of words and their meanings12. (lexicology) the study of meanings and uses of words13. (morphology) the study of how words are formed in a language14. (phraseology) the words and phrases used in a particular profession or activity, or a particular way of putting words together to express something15. (collocation) a group of words which "naturally" go together through common usage16. Morpheme: the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms17. Root: a root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.18. Affix: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. It can further be divided inflectional and derivational types. 19. Prefix: a derivational or an inflectional affix that can be added to the beginning of a morpheme. 20. Suffix: a derivational or inflectional affix that can be added to the end of a morpheme.21. Compounding /composition: a word formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.22. Derivation/ affixation: a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix or both to the base.23. Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.24. Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase; it is pronounce letter by letter.25. Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc; they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.26. Blending/hybrid: a word-formation process in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.27. Back-formation: a term used to refer to a word-formation process by which a shorter word is coined by deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.28. Clipping: a word-formation process by which a word is shortened by deleting one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.29. Motivation: refers to the connection between word symbol and its sense. Most English words are non-motivated. Motivation can arise in three major ways: phonetic motivation, morphological motivation and semantic motivation.30. Polysemy : a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings.31. Homonyms: words identical in sound or spelling or both but different in meaning.32. Synonyms: words differing in sound but identical or similar in meaning.33. Antonyms: words that are opposite in meaning34. Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter.35. Context in its narrowest sense consists of the lexical items that come immediately before and after any word in an act of communication.36. Euphemism: an act of using agreeable language when speaking of an unpleasant or embarrassing fact (such as death, disease, etc) and of taboo subjects (such as sex and the excretive processes of the body).37. Metaphor: is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity, in which a word or phrase ordinarily used for one thing is applied to another, a process which often results in semantic change or figurative extension of meaning.38. Metonymy: a figure of speech by which an object or idea is described by the name of something closely related to it.Part II 常用英语词汇学术语Acronym 首字母拼音词Acronymy首字母拼音法Affix 词缀Affixation 词缀法Antonym 反义词Antonymy 反义关系Back-formation 逆构词，反成法Blend 拼缀词Blending 拼缀法Collocation 搭配，组合Complementaries 互补反义词Complete antonym 完全反义词Composition 复合法Compounding 复合构词法Compound word 复合词、Concept 概念Conceptual meaning 概念意。